Industrial Training Seminar on

BSNL

Submitted By:-
Shivam Parashar(D/15/EC/13)
Khusboo Kumari(D/15/EC/14)
Piyush Kumar(D/15/EC/17)
Bikash Malakar(DE/17/EC/02)
Sagar Bhowmik(D/16/EC/201)
Dhritiman T. Saikia(DE/17/EC/03)
Nula Kenison Anal(D/16/EC/204)
Rishikant Langpoklakpam(D/16/EC/203)
 INTRODUCTION

 Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is the world’s seventh largest

telecommunication company.
 Its responsibilities includes improvement of the quality of
already installed telecom services, expansion of telecom
services in rural areas and acquiring confidence among its
customers.
 It provides a comprehensive range of services in India,
which include wireless connections, CDMA mobile, GSM
lines, Internet, broadband, MPLS-VPN (multi protocol label
switching-virtual private network), VSAT (very small
aperture terminal) WIMAX,FTTHand VOIP (voice over
Internet protocol).
 Within this short span of time, it has also become one of the
largest public sector companies in India.
•It is responsible for allocation of radio
channels.

•Operates frequency administration

•power and signal measurements from the

Mobile station.

•handovers from one BTS to another.

•It carry out radio communications
between the network and the MS.

•It has handles speech encoding,

encryption, multiplexing (TDMA),and
responsible for modulation and
demodulation.

•Installed between 1and 16Transceivers

(TRX)
•It is responsible for call routing, call
setup, and basic switching functions.

•Different BSCs are connected to the MSC.

•Inner-BSC handoffs as well as

coordinates with other MSC's for inter-
MSC handoffs.
•MS refers to the physical
phone itself uniquely identified
by the International Mobile
Equipment Identity (IMEI)
number.
•SIM(Subsciber Identification
Module) is small smart card that
is inserted into the phone and
carries information specific to
the subscriber identified by
International Mobile Subscriber
Identity (IMSI) number.
 Parts of a Telecommunication network

The main parts of a Telecommunication network are:

1.Telephone Exchange
2.Main Distribution Frame (MDF)
3.Switch Room
 TELEPHONE EXCHANGE

Equipment which effects

interconnection of telephonesis
known as switching equipment.
The switching centre, whichhouses
the terminating and switching
equipment is called telephone
exchange.
A telephone exchange is a
telecommunication system used in
the public switched telephone
network or in large enterprises. An
exchange consists of electronic
components that interconnect
(switch) telephone subscriber lines
or virtual circuits of digital systems
to establish telephone calls between
subscribers
WORKING OF BASIC TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK
This section includes brief introduction of how a call is processed when we
dial a call from basic telephone to another basic telephone or from basic to
mobile or vice versa.

CALLSETUP:

When a subscriber calls to another subscriber first its request goes to the
nearest switching centre that is PSTN (Public Switching Telecommunication
Network). Then it processes the caller and subscriber’s number if it exists in
the same BSC(Base Station Controller) then call setupis completed.
If subscriber is not in the same BSCthen call transfer to MSC (Mobile
Switching Centre) then it transfers the call to prior BSCthen call setup is
completed.
If Caller calls to a mobile subscriber then call transfer is done by MTSO(Mobile
Telephone Switching Office)
now call transfer is done on BTS (Base Transceiver Station) and call setup is
completed.
In wireless communication every region is divided into cells.
Cell size is constant for whole system. GSM is a form of
multiplexing, which divides the available bandwidth among
the different channels. Most of the times the multiplexing
used is either TDM (Time division multiplexing) or FDM
(Frequency Division Multiplexing). SM differs from its
predecessor technologies in that both signaling and speech
channels are digital, and thus GSM is considered a second
generation (2G) mobile phonesystem.
•2G GSM networks operate in the 900 MHz or
1800 MHz bands
•GSM-900 uses 890–915 MHz to send information
from the mobile station to the base station (uplink)
• 935–960 MHz for the other direction (downlink),
•providing 125 RF channels (channel numbers 0
to 124) spaced at 200 kHz. Duplex spacing of 45
MHz is used.
 CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (CDMA)

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) consistently provides better capacity

for voice and data communications that other commercial mobile technologies,
allowing more subscribers to connect at any given time, and it is the common
platform on which 3G technologies are built.
CDMA is a spread spectrum technology, allowing many users to occupythe
same time and frequency allocations in a given band/space

ADVANTAGES OF CDMA:

Increased cellular communications security

Simultaneous conversations
Low power requirements and little cell-to-cell coordination needed by
operators.
Extended reach-beneficial to rural users situated far fromcells.
TRANSMISSION

TRANSMISSION MEDIUM

1.Guided or bounded
2.Wireless or unbounded
 FIBER OPTICS TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

FIBER OPTICS: The use and demand for optical fiber has grown tremendously and
optical-fiber applications are numerous. Telecommunication applications are
widespread, ranging from global networks to desktop computers. These involve the
transmission of voice, data, or video over distances of less than a meter to hundreds of
kilometers, using one of a few standard fiber designs in one of several cable designs.

ADVANTAGES OF FIBRE OPTICS :

Fiber Optics has the following advantages :
•SPEED: Fiber optic networks operate at high speeds - up into the gigabits
•BANDWIDTH: large carrying capacity
•DISTANCE: Signals can be transmitted further without needing to be "refreshed" or
strengthened.
•RESISTANCE: Greater resistance to electromagnetic noise such as radios, motors or
other nearby cables.
• MAINTENANCE: Fiber optic cables costs much less to maintain.
 OPTICAL FIBER CABLE(OFC)

Optical Fiber is new medium, in which information (voice, Data or Video) is

transmitted on the principle of Total Internal Reflection through a glass or plastic fiber,
in the form of light.
In the following sequence.
1.Information is encoded into Electrical Signals.
2.Electrical Signals are converted into light Signals.
3.Light Travels down the Fiber.
4.A Detector Changes the Light Signals into Electrical Signals.
5.Electrical Signals are decoded into Information.
GENERAL ARCHITECTURE
OF OCB-283
SUBSYSTEMS & FUNCTIONS OF
OCB-283
 INTRODUCTION OF OCB-283
• OCB-283 is the latest Electronics Digital ISDN type OF
FRANCE
• This Exchange works on Stored Programmed Control
Principle.
• Exchange can work with all tSwitching technology
being imported in INDIA
• THIS IS MANUFACTURED BY M/S ALCATEL ypes of
Circuit & Subscriber Signaling & also provides for lot
of novel facilities to the subscribers.
• This exchange can work on Common Channel
Signaling principle using the CCITT#7
recommendations .
 SUBSYSTEMS IN OCB 283

• Exchange has got 3 basic subsystems :-

•1 SUBSCRIBER ACCESS SUBSYSTEM

•2 CONNECTION & CONTROL SUBSYSTEM
•3 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE SUBSYSTEM
 OCB-283 ARCHITECTURE
OCB-283 COMPRISES OF FOLLOWING 3
SUBSYSTEMS

CCITT #7

• SUBSCRIBER ACCESS SIGNALING

NETWORK

SUBSYSTEM
TELEPHONE

• CONTROL & CONNECTION

NETWORK
SUBSCRIBER CONNECTION
DATA
ACCESS AND NETWORK
SUBSYTEM SYSTEM CONTROL
VALUE
ADDED NETWORK

• OPERATION & MAINTENANCE DISK OPERATION

SUBSYTEM AND
MAINTENANCE
O&M
NETWORK
PABX MAGTAPE
 SUBSYSTEMS IN DETAILS

1. Subscriber Access Subsystem:-

•This is treated as an independent entity
•Every Subscriber Connecting Equipment
Rack has got its Signaling Point Number to
operate in Common Channel Signaling
mode with rest of the exchange
Subsystems.
2. Control & Connection Subsystem is the block
consisting of
• A-CONTROL FUNCTIONS
• B-CONNECTION & SWITCHING
EQUIPMENTS

• A-CONTROL FUNCTIONS
–COMPRISE OF COMMON CONTROL
equipments which;
–process
–monitor
–& control the call setup & release
• B-CONNECTION &SWITCHING BLOCK
COMPRISES OF
–Switching matrix equipment for performing
digital time switching of speech path
–Connection equipment for connecting PCM
(digital) Junctions from;
– other exchanges &
– RSU’s
– Auxiliary Equipments for Tones ,Frequencies
& other auxillaries for signalling protocol handling .
3. OPERATION & MAINTENANACE SUBSYTEM :-
Operation and maintenance subsystems consists of the
officials who has to do the operating and maintenance
of the following.
 BREIF DSCRIPTION OF FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS
• CCS # 7 Protocol Manager
(PU/PE)

-64 kbps signalling channels are connected to this by

semi-permanent link .By which transfer of message take
place.
• Protocol Handler
-Thesignalling protocol between an access network and local
exchange is processed and managed by this .
• Call Handler
-This
obtains necessary data from circuits and process for
connection and disconnection of call with the help of a database
manager TR.
• Data Manager (TR):
-Thisfunction is responsible for managing and storing various subscriber and
trunks related data base.
- The data is returned by the call handler “MR” as and when required during
call processing.
• Charging function (TX):
-This function is responsible for charge computation on the basis of certain
charging parameters supplied by the translator during analysis of digits
received from a source (Subs or Circuit).
-This also prepares detailed billing messages and forwarding the same to the
operation & maintenance function for further processing.
- It is also responsible for carrying out some traffic observation on subscriber
and trunks.
MATRIX HANDLER(GX):
- CARRIER OUT MONITORING OF CONNECTIONS AND
CHECKS DATA LINK PERIODICALLY.
- FAULT IN CONNECTION SIGNALLED BY THE SWITCHING
CONTROLLER FUNCTION (COM).

MESSAGE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION (MQ) MARKER:

-ITS FUNCTION IS TO FORMAT IF REQUIRED AND DISTRIBUTE

MESSAGES .
-INTERCHANGE OF MESSAGES BETWEEN DIFFERENT
COMMUNICATION MULTIPLEXES.
SUBSCRIBER CARDS
• One subscriber card can support 8 or 16 subscribers.
• One rack consists of 128 cards and each card has 16
subscribers.
• For STD PCO special cards are being are used. Charging rates
of STD PCO is also different.
MAGNETIC TAPE
-IVRS(INTERACTIVE VOICE RESPONSE SYSTEM)
• IVRS (Interactive Voice Response System) is a automatic trunk
booking system.
• The system consists of two servers, which are in Hot Standby
mode, along with one dedicated operator terminal parented to
each
• When a customer of BSNL has any problem during booking /
enquiry of trunk call through IVRS , than it will be transferred to
the operator for further assistance.
TRUNK IVRS FEATURES
1. INTELLEGENT ANSWERING
The IVRS trunk booking is having the function of requesting for the Calling Line
Identification (CLI) of the customer from the telephone system.
2. LANGUAGE TYPE
There can be announcement in as many as three languages via English, Hindi or regional
Language.
3. INTELLEGENT CALL ROUTING
The incoming subscriber routed to the service requested as per the dial digits.
4. DATA SECURITY SYSTEM
In IVRS system both the servers are in Hot Standby configuration for data security.