MANAGEMENT OF

CHILDHOOD
ILLNESSES
What Is mci?
◦ Management of Childhood Illness is an integrated
approach to child health that focuses on the well-being
of the child.
◦ It aims to reduce death, illness and disability, and to
promote improved growth and development among
children.
◦ MCI includes both preventive and curative elements
that are implemented by families and communities as
well as by health facilities.
◦ There are about 10 million children aged from 0 to 4 years old
and another ten million among five to ten years of age.
◦ The top cause of death among newborns is at the rate
2/1,000 live births closely followed by bacterial sepsis at
1.8/1,000 live births.
◦ Among children 0-4 years of age, the number one cause of
death is pneumonia at the rate of 37.76/100,000 followed by
accidents at the rate of 17.63/100,00.
◦ Accidents are identified as the top cause of mortality among
older children five to nine years old followed by pneumonia
and malignant neoplasm.
 Methods in managing childhood
illnesses
Children with various health conditions although
considered common diseases are difficult to manage.
Some diseases have symptoms that needs further
assessment before classification and treatment takes
place.
◦ Assess the patient
Taking the history of the patient is one way of getting information about the
disease condition.

◦ Classify the disease

Classification of the disease are as follows:
1. Mild
2. Moderate
3. Severe

◦ Treat the patient

Treatment is a curative method of treating diseases.

◦ Counsel the patient

Providing health education promotes health and avoid risk of infection.
COLOR-CODED SYSTEM
 Color Presentation Classification of Diseases Level of Management

GREEN Mild Home Care

YELLOW Moderate Manage at the RHU

PINK Severe Urgent Referral in

Hospital
 Management Processes in
Childhood Illnesses

◦The Department of Health adopted the

recommended integrated case management
process on childhood illnesses.
The Integrated Case Management
Process
 OUTPATIENT HEALTH FACILITY
Check for DANGER SIGNS
Convulsions
Abnormality sleepy or difficult to awaken
Unable to drink/breastfeed
Vomits everything
Assess MAIN SYMPTOMS
Cough/difficulty breathing
Diarrhea
Fever
Ear problems
Assess NUTRITION and VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION STATUS and POTENTIAL
FEEDING PROBLEMS
Check for OTHER PROBLEMS
CLASSIFY CONDITIONS and IDENTIFY TREATMENT ACTIONS
According to color-coded treatment
 CLASSIFY CONDITIONS and IDENTIFY TREATMENT
ACTIONS
According to color-coded treatment

Urgent Referral Treatment in outpatient Home management

facility
OUTPATIENT HEALTH FACILITY HOME
OUTPATIENT HEALTH FACILITY
Treat local infection Caretaker counseled on:
Pre-referral treatments Home treatment(s)
Advise parents Give oral drugs
Advise and teach caretaker Feeding and fluids
Refer child When to return
Follow-up
immediately
REFERRAL FACILITY Follow-up
Emergency Triage and Treatment
(ETAT)
Diagnosis
Treatment
Monitoring and follow-up
PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS
1. MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENTATION
An intervention to address the health and nutritional needs of infants
and children to improve their growth and survival
The twice-a-year distribution of Vit A capsules through “Araw ng
Sangkap Pinoy” (ASAP), known as Garantisadong Pambata (GP) or
Child Health Week is the approach to provide micronutrient
supplements to 6-71 month-old preschoolers on a nationwide scale
The availability of iron supplements depend on the capability of LGUs to
procure the drugs
2. FOOD FORTIFICATION
Pushed to improve the nutritional status of the populace to include the
children.
Process whereby essential nutrients are added to foods to maintain or
improve quality of the diet
The Food Fortification act of 2000 provides mandatory fortification of:
flour with iron and Vit A, cooking oil and refined sugar with Vit A and rice
with iron and the voluntary fortification of processed foods through the
“Sangkap Pinoy Seal”
3. ESSENTIAL MATERNAL AND CHILD
HEALTH SERVICE PACKAGE
Ensures the right of the child to survival, development, protection and
participation.
Includes delivery of essential maternal and child health nutrition
package of services that will ensure the right to survival, development,
protection and participation as follows: Breastfeeding, Complementary
feeding, and Micro Nutrient Supplementation
4. NUTRIENT INFORMATION,
COMMUNICATION AND EDUCATION

Includes the promotion of nutritional guidelines for Filipinos and other

nutrition key messages training of health workers
5. HOME, SCHOOL AND COMMUNITY FOOD
PRODUCTION
Includes establishment of kitchens, gardens in homes, schools, and in
communities in urban and rural areas to serve as source of additional
food for the home
Establishment of demonstration centers and nurseries and distribution
of planting materials
6. FOOD ASSISTANCE
Includes center-based complementary feeding for wasted/stunted
children and pregnant women with delivering low birthweight
Rice distribution is done in school through the efforts of local units
Food discounts were provided through the Tindahan Natin Program
7. LIVELIHOOD ASSISTANCE

Done by provision of credit and livelihood opportunities to poor

households, especially those with malnourished children through
linkage with lending and financial institutions
 NATIONAL
GUIDELINES FO
MICRONUTRIENT
SUPPLEMENTATION
 Table 1. Universal Supplementation of
Vitamin A
TARGET PREPARATION DOSE/DURATION REMARKS

Infants 6-11 100,000 1 dose only One capsule is

Months given anytime
during the 6-11
months but
usually given at
9 months during
the measles
immunization
Children 21-71 200,000 1 capsule every
Months six months
 Table 2. Supplementation to high risk
children.
TARGET/ ILLNESS PREPARATIONS DOSE/DURATION
Measles One capsule given upon
Infants 100,000 IU diagnosis, regardless of when
(6 mos. - 11 mos) 200,000 IU the last dose of VAC was
given.
Pre-school Child
(12 mos. - 71 mos.)
Severe pneumonia 100,000 IU One capsule given upon
Persistent Diarrhea 100,000 IU diagnosis, except when child
Malnutrition 100,000 IU was given VAC less than 4
weeks before diagnosis.
(6 mos. - 11 mos.)
Severe Pneumonia 200,000 IU One capsule given upon
Persistent Diarrhea 200,000 IU diagnosis, except when child
Malnutrition 200,000 IU was given VAC less than 4
weeks before diagnosis.
(12 mos. - 71 mos.)

Malnutrition 200,000 IU One capsule given upon

(6 yrs - 12 yrs child) diagnosis, except when child
was given VAC less than 4
Table 3. Supplementation for pregnant women and post
partum women.

TARGETS PREPARATIONS DOSE DURATION REMARKS

Pregnant 10,000 IU 1 capsule/ tablet Start from the 4th Vitamin A 10,000
woman of 10,000 IU months of IU should NOT be
twice a week pregnancy until given to
delivery. pregnant
women who are
already taking
pre-natal
vitamins or
multiple
micronutrient
tablets that also
contain Vitamin
A.
Post-partum 20, 000 IU 1 capsule One dose only Vitamin A of
woman 200,000 within 4 weeks 200,000 IU should
after delivery. NOT be given to
 Table 4. Treatment Schedule for xerophtalmia for all
age groups

TARGETS PREPARATION DOSE/DURATION

6-11 months 100,000 IU should be given
12-59 months 200,000 IU immediately upon
diagnosis, 1 capsule
given the next day and
1 capsule 2 weeks
after
 Table 5. Treatment schedule for xerophtalmia for
pregnant women

TARGETS PREPARATIONS DOSE/DURATION REMARKS

Pregnant women 10,000 IU One capsule/ Do not give
with tablet oce a day Vitamin A 10,000
nightblindedness for 4 weeks upon IU if pre natal
diagnosis vitamins or
multiple
micronutrient
tablets containing
vitamins A are to
be given. Vitamin
A can be given
regardless of age
of gestation if
pregnant woman
 Table 6. Iron supplementation for pregnant and
lactating women.
TARGET PREPARATIONS DOSE/DURATION REMARKS
Pregnant women Tablet (preferably 1 tablet once a A dose of 800 mcg
coated) containing day for 6 months or of folic acid is still
60 mg elemental 180 days during the safe to the
iron (EI) with 400 pregnancy period pregnant woman
mg Folic Acid OR
2 tablets per day
(120 mg. EI) if pre-
natal consultations
are done during
the 2nd and 3rd
trimester
Lactating women Tablet (preferably 1 tablet once a
coated) containing day for 3 months or
60 mg elemental 90 days
iron (EI) with 400
mcg Folic Acid
 Table 9. Iron supplementation to other population groups.

TARGET PREPARATION DOSE/DURATION

Adolescent girls (10-19 Tablet containing 60 One tablet once a
yrs.) mg elemental iron day
with 400 mcg folic
acid (coated)
Older persons Tablet containing 60 One tablet once a
mg elemental iron day
with 400 mcg folic
acid (coated)
Table 10. Iron supplementation to specific population
groups.

TARGETS PREPARATION DOSE/DURATION

Women 15-45 Iodized oil capsule 1 capsule for 1
years old with 200 mg iodine year
Children of school Iodized oil capsule 1 capsule for 1
age with 200 mg iodine year
Adult Males Iodized oil capsule 1 capsule for 1
with 200 mg iodine year
ORAL HEALTH
PROGRAM
BSN 2A A2
IN THE PHILIPPINES
THE MAIN ORAL HEALTH PROBLEM

-Dental caries (tooth decay)

- Periodontal Disease (Gum disease)

These two diseases are widespread that 92% of our people are suffering from tooth
decay and 78% have gum disease
DENTAL CARIES AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE
PHILIPPINES RANKED 2ND

-ranked 2nd worst among 21 WHO Western Pacific countries in terms of decayed , missing,
filled teeth (DMFT) Index.
- DENTAL CARIES AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE – is observed or more prevalent in RURAL
than URBAN areas.
 The Philippine Dental Association in 1998 survey – 88.4 % of respondent dentists claimed
that their practice were based in urban areas, 10.9 % in suburban centres and .7% in rural

Delivery of the basic oral health care became the responsibility of the local government
under the Local Government code of 1991.

Oral Health is inadequately integrated into the Natino currently sustainable basic oral
care service being adopted onal Health Care System of the country and
VISION: Empowered and responsible Filipino citizens taking care of their own personal
oral health for an enhanced quality of life
MISSION: The state shall ensure quality, affordable, accessible and available oral
health care delivery.
GOAL: Attainment of improved quality of life through promotion of oral health
and quality oral health care.
GOAL
- The program aims to reduce the prevalence rate of dental caries to 85% and periodontal
disease by to 60% by the end of 2016. The program seeks to achieve these objectives by
providing preventive, curative, and promote dental health care to Filipinos through a
lifecycle approach. This approach provides a continuum of quality care by establishing a
package of essential basic oral health care (BOHC) for every lifecycle stage, starting from
infancy to old age.
- The national government is primarily tasked to develop policies and guideline for local
government units. In 2007, the Department of Health formulated the Guidelines in the
Implementation of Oral Health Program for Public Health Services (AO 2007-0007).
 The following are the basic package of essential oral health services/care
for every lifecycle group to be provided either in health facilities, schools or
at home.