IDENTIFICATION OF AQUIFER DISTRIBUTION

IN KARST MAROS USING RESISTIVITY METHOD

WENNER - SCHLUMBERGER

Author :
*1) Muhammad Alkadri, 2) Ilapadila, 3) Dewi Rahma Ahmadi, 4) Hena Suri Intan,
5) Syamsuddin
Presenter Biography

• Muhammad Alkadri Samaun

• PITHAGI2018-276 - IDENTIFICATION OF AQUIFER

DISTRIBUTION IN KARST MAROS USING

RESISTIVITY METHOD WENNER - SCHLUMBERGER

• Hasanuddin University

• Geophysics Program study

 Outline

Introduction

Methodology

Result and Discussion

Conclusion
Introduction
 This research has done in Tukamasea Village around

Scope PT Semen Bosowa Maros area. Method of research

using resistivity Wenner – Schlumberger 2D. Data
processing using Res2Dinv software to show
distribution of resistivity value.
Identify rock type as Determined subsurface Determined aquifer types by
aquifer resistivity value considering 2D imaging

Main
Objective
 Karst Maros unit

Figure 2. Silt outcrop in research area (Pertiwi, 2017)

Karst unit spread widely in central and northeast at Maros regency. Karst unit in
Maros and Pangkep have overall area 43.750 hectares. But, around 23.750 hectares
including Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park area. While, 20.000 hectares
including mining area. Karst’s height approximately 500 meters above sea level.
 Aquifer Types

1. Unconfined Aquifer

2. Confined Aquifer

Figure 3. Aquifer is a saturated geological formation that contains and

transmits "significant" quantities of water under normal field
conditions. Source www.ldeo.columbia.edu
 Geoelectrical Method

One of the geophysics method during

aquifer exploration is geoelectrical
survey. This method is determine
subsurface by electrical measurement.
During this method we can release
aquifer distribution and existence by
considering resistivity value.

Figure 1. (KNOEDEL, KRUMMEL, LANGE (1997):”Handbuch zur Erkundung des

Untergrundes von Deponien und Altlasten, Vol. 3: Geophysik”, Springer-Verl.
Berlin
Methodology
 Regional Geological Map

Figure 4. Geological research map (Modified by Pertiwi, 2017 from Rab Sukamto
and Supriyatna, 1982)

Geographically, research area located in coordinate 119°38'11.81" - 119°38'38.02" BT

and 4°56'35.44" - 4°56'23.47" LS.
 Resistivity Method
Wenner – Schlumberger configuration

3. This configuration also

1. Position of electrode
detects greater
is as same as Wenner
Alpha method
concentration of high
resistivity below the P1-
P2 electrodes.

Figure 5. Wenner – Schlumberger configuration

scheme (Hendrajaya, 1990)

2. Geometry factor of
configuration is shown in 4. Wenner – Schlumberger method
Figure 4. is also able to cover Wenner
configuration weakness such as bad
horizontal coverage, although its
not better than Dipole – dipole
configuration
 Research Procedure
The following are measurement steps in research area consisted of 3 line with 470 meter length each line and
using 10 meters intervals :

Figure 6. Field Survey

1. Determined direct of line have been

previously decided.

2. Made and set the position of electrode and

its potential.

3. Determined the length of line and intervals.

4. Plot any point each electrodes by GPS

(Global Positioning System).
Figure 7. Sketch of
5. Injected the current and read potential with data acquisition
electrode spacing appointed.

6. Write down potential difference (∆𝑉) and

electrical current (I).
Result and Discussion

Line 1

Line 2

Line 3
 Line 1

Aquifer zone

Figure 6. (a) Resistivity 2D imaging line 1

In line 1 imaging, presence of limestone have resistivity value about 30 – 60 Ωm,

limestone dominantly from Mallawa formation which interbeded lower Tonasa
formation. Estimation resisistivity value of aquifer around 7.8 Ωm - 83.9 Ωm with ± 15
Discussion
meters depth located in 29th electrode identify as unconfined-aquifer. In ± 50 m depth
located 16th -24th electrode interpreted as a weak zone.
 Line 2

Aquifer zone

Figure 5. (b) Resistivity 2D imaging line 2

Line 2 2D imaging located in Tonasa formation. Resistivity range around about 30 - 63 Ωm in 12th –
23rd electrode interpreted as a weak zone represented by light blue. While, in 30th-33rd electrode
with 20 meters depth interpreted aquifer known as unconfined aquifer have resistivity range about

Discussion 10 – 60.8 Ωm as same as resistivity value previous layer in 38th-47th electrode with 10 meters depth
known as unconfined aquifer too. Another interpretation, in 34th -36th electrodes cross-section it
also clearly shows that such a high resistivity range about to 4251 Ωm identified as a basalt
intrusion is supposedly supported by basalt outcrops on the surface.
 Line 3

Aquifer zone

Figure 5. (c) Resistivity 2D imaging line 3

Line 3 cross section located in Tonasa formation. Resistivity value around line 3 about 132-277 Ωm
interpreted known as sandy-limestone shown as light green – dark green. While, resistivity range
about 8.02 - 80.2 Ωm with 20 meters depth. 8th and 15th electrodes interpreted known as
Discussion
unconfined aquifer represented by light blue supposedly supported by existing lake in northeast
side. In other, bellow layer identified as alluvium was correlated with regional geological have
resistivity range about 60.3 - 99 Ωm in ± 70 meters depth.
Conclusion
 Based on our interpretation, we conclude that :

Table 1. Research Conclusion

No Line Aquifer types Resistivity (Ωm) Depth

1 Line 1 Unconfined 7.8 - 83.9 (29th) 15 meters
Unconfined 3.2 – 6.8 (30 th-33th) 20 meters
2 Line 2
Unconfined 3.2 – 6.8 (38th-47th) 10 meters
Unconfined 8.02 - 80.2 (8th ) 20 meters
3 Line 3
Unconfined 8.02 – 80.2 (15 th) 20 meters

Dominant Lithology as aquifer is sandy - limestone and limestone

References :

[1] Hendrajaya, L., dan Arif. I., 1990. Resistivity Geoelectricity Method. ITB : Bandung.

[2] Lantu. 2015. Geoelectricity and Geoelectromagnet Method. Geophysic Program Study FMIPA. University of Hasanuddin :
Makassar

[3] Oni, T.E., G.O. Omosuyi., A.A. Akinlalu. 2017. Jurnal : Groundwater vulnerability assessment using hydrogeologic and
geoelectric layer susceptibility indexing at Igbara Oke, Southwestern Nigeria. Nigeria: Department of Applied Geophysics,
Federal University of Technology, Akure.

[4] Pertiwi, Hena Suri Intan. 2017. Geophysic Thesis. Studi Bawah Permukaan Untuk Identifikasi Sebaran Batuan Intrusi
Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Resistivitas Konfigurasi Wenner Schlumberger(Studi Kasus : Karst Maros Sulawesi Selatan).
University of Hasanuddin. Makassar, Indonesia

[5] Hermawan, Richard, Putra, Prakasa. 2016. Journal of Applied Geology. The Effectiveness of Wenner-Schlumberger and
Dipole-dipole Array of 2D Geoelectrical Survey to Detect The Occurring of Groundwater in the Gunung Kidul Karst Aquifer
System, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Gadjah Mada University. Yogyakarta.

[6] Loke, M.H. 2001. Electrical Imaging Surveys for Environmental and Engineering Studies : A Practical Guide to 2D & 3D
Surveys.
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