Muscle Histology

Ageng Brahmadhi
Introduction
 Muscle tissue is composed of differentiated cells
containing contractile proteins.
 muscle cells, which are specialized for contraction
 locomotion,
 constriction,
 pumping, and
 other propulsive movements
Lingo
 Sarcolemma = muscle cell membrane
 Sarcoplasm = muscle cell cytoplasm
 sarcoplasmic reticulum = smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
 sarcosomes = the mitochondria,
 muscle cells ~ muscle fibers
Muscle Types
 Skeletal Muscle/ striated muscle/
 Cardiac muscle
 Smooth muscle/ non-striated muscle
Muscle classification
 Based on function:
 Voluntary = skeletal muscle
 Involuntary = cardiac & smooth muscle
 Based on structure
 Striated : cardiac muscle
 Non-striated : smooth muscle
Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle
 long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells that undergo voluntary
contraction to facilitate movement of the body or its parts
 Skeletal muscle is pink to red due to rich vascular supply
& myoglobin pigments
Skeletal Muscle

 the muscle fiber may be classified as red, white, or

intermediate
Organization of Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Hematoxilyn Eosin (HE) Picrosirius-polarized light
(PSP)
Skeletal Muscle Cross-sectional
???
Just Kidding....
Organization of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
 Myofibrils
 The dark bands are known as A bands
 center of each A band is occupied by a pale area, the H band, which
is bisected by a thin M line
 the light bands as I bands
 Each I band is bisected by a thin dark line, the Z disk (Z line
 region of the myofibril between two successive Z disks, known as a
sarcomere
Organization of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
 Myofibrils are composed of interdigitating thick and thin
myofilaments
 The thick filaments (15 nm in diameter and 1.5 μm long) =
myosin II, =Light meromyosin (rod like shape), Heavy
meromyosin ( globular)
 The thin filaments (7 nm in diameter and 1.0 μm long) = actin,
= F-actin filaments, tropomyosin and troponin
 Sarcoplasmic Reticulum & Transverse
Tubule System
 transverse (T) tubules
provide for a uniform
contraction

 The sarcoplasmic
reticulum regulates
muscle contraction
through controlled
sequestering (leading to
relaxation) and release
(leading to contraction) of
calcium ions (Ca2+) within
the sarcoplasm
Muscle Contraction and Relaxation
 During muscle contraction, the thin filaments slide past
the thick filaments, as proposed by Huxley's sliding
filament theory.
Mechanism
1. An impulse  sarcolemma T tubules  sarcoplasmic
reticulum
2. Calcium ions release  troponin, altering its
conformation
3. unmasking the active site (myosin-binding site) on the
actin molecule.
4. Crossbridge myosin = power stroke (powered by ATP)
5. The reduced levels of Ca2+  Tropomyosin reverts to
the position  relaxation
Innervation of Skeletal Muscle
 Skeletal muscle cells and the single motor neuron that
innervates them constitute a motor unit.
 Neuron-muscle inervation site = motor end plate, or
myoneural junction
 Consist of :
 axon terminal, a synaptic cleft, and the muscle cell membrane
Muscle Spindles and Golgi Tendon Organs
 sensory receptors that
monitor muscle contraction
 Muscle spindles continuously
monitor the length and the
changes in length of the
muscle
 Golgi tendon organs monitor
the intensity of muscle
contraction
Cardiac muscle
 derived from splanchnic mesenchyme
 Involuntary striated muscle
 dark-staining transverse lines that cross the chains of
cardiac cells at irregular intervals =intercalated disks
 Muscle branch = anastomoses
Smooth Muscle
 Involuntary
 no striations
 spindle-shaped cells with a centrally placed nucleus
 do not possess a system of T tubules
Smooth muscle fine structure
 extensive array of interweaving thin filaments (actin) &
thick filaments (myosin II )
 - troponin
 Contractile force generates by thin and thick filament +
intermediate filament (vimentin and desmin )
Control of Smooth Muscle Contraction
1. Calcium ions, released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
 bind calmodulin  Ca2+-calmodulin complex binds
to caldesmon  release from the active site of F-actin
 myosin light chain kinase
2. myosin light chain kinase phosphorylates
meromyosin  crossbridge actin-myosin  contraction
3. dissociation of the calmodulin-calcium complex,
causing inactivation of myosin light chain kinase 
masking of the myosin's actin binding site 
relaxation
Heart
 Four-chambered pump
 2 atria
 2 ventricles
 Heart valves
 2 Atrioventricular valves
 2 Semilunar valves
 Heart great vessel:
 Aorta
 Pulmonary artery
 Pulmonary vein
 Vena cava
 Layers of the heart wall
 Endocardium
 Endothelium
 Simple squamous epithelium
 Subendocardial conective tissue
 Myocardium
 The thickest layer
 Cardiac muscle cells
 Epicardium
 Visceral layer of the pericardium
 Connective tissue
 Adipose tissue
Endocardium
Simple squamous
epithelium

Connective Tissue

Smooth muscle
Myocardium
Cardiac Muscle

Intercalated Disc