Learning Outcomes • Define leader and leadership. • Compare and contrast early leadership theories. • Describe the four major contingency leadership theories. • Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today’s leaders. • Discuss trust as the essence of leadership.
Leaders who lead Leaders primarily by using social leaders who stimulate exchanges (or and inspire (transform) transactions). followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes.
Contemporary Issues: National Culture Cross-Cultural Leadership • Korean leaders are expected to be paternalistic toward employees. • Arab leaders who show kindness or generosity without being asked to do so are seen by other Arabs as weak. • Japanese leaders are expected to be humble and speak frequently. • Scandinavian and Dutch leaders who single out individuals with public praise are likely to embarrass, not energize, those individuals.
The Importance of Trust 1. Practice openness. 2. Be fair. 3. Speak your feelings. 4. Tell the truth. 5. Be consistent. 6. Fulfill your promises. 7. Maintain confidences. 8. Demonstrate confidence.