AMPLITUDE MODULATION

TRANSMISSION
AM Transmission
• AM Transmitters are used in medium wave (MW) and short wave
(SW) frequency bands for AM broadcast.

• Medium wave – between 550 kHz and 1650 kHz

• Short wave –between 3 MHz and 30 MHz

Block Diagram of AM Transmitters
Block Diagram of AM Transmitters

Oscillator
• The oscillator generates the RF carrier at a preset frequency and maintains it
within close tolerances.
• The oscillator outputs must be amplified many times to be radiated any distance.
Block Diagram of AM Transmitters

Buffer Amplifier
• The buffer stage is a voltage amplifier that increases the amplitude of the
oscillator signal to a level that drives the power amplifier.
• Without a buffer, changes in the amplifier caused by keying or variations in
source voltage would vary the load of the oscillator and cause it to change
frequency. It may also be used as a frequency multiplier
Block Diagram of AM Transmitters

Power Amplifier
• Amplifies the power of the carrier frequency
Block Diagram of AM Transmitters

Microphone
• Converts the audio frequency (af) input (a person's voice) into
corresponding electrical energy.
Driver
• Amplifies the audio
Modulator
• the modulator further amplifies the audio signal to the amplitude
necessary to fully modulate the carrier. The output of the modulator is
applied to the power amplifier. The power amplifier combines the RF
carrier and the modulating signal in the power amplifier to produce the
amplitude-modulated signal output for transmission.
High Level and Low Level Modulation
• High Level Modulation
• The carrier voltage is modulated at the highest power level. The required
power level is obtained by using class C amplifiers.
• High level transmitters are widely used at present.
High Level and Low Level Modulation
• Low Level
• The carrier is modulated at low power level and the carrier power is
subsequently raised to the desired level in class B Tuned power amplifiers.
Block Diagram of High Level Modulation
Block Diagram of High Level Modulation
Carrier oscillator
Generate carrier signal

Buffer amplifier

Match the output impedance of the oscillator

circuit with the input impedance of the
frequency multiplier.

Isolates the carrier oscillator and frequency

multiplier.

Frequency multiplier
Generates higher harmonics of
the carrier oscillator frequency

Power amplifier
The power of the
carrier signal is
then amplified
Block Diagram of High Level Modulation
MIC
Produces the
intelligence signal

Audio Driver amplifier

Amplifies the voltage of
the intelligence signal

Audio power amplifier

Amplifies the power of
the intelligence signal

Modulated Class C amplifier Antenna

The modulating audio signal and Radiates the signal into space
the and the carrier signal, after of transmission through
power amplification are applied electromagnetic waves
to this modulating stage
 Block Diagram of Low Level Modulation
Carrier Oscillator
Generates the
carrier signal

Buffer amplifier
Isolates the carrier oscillator and
frequency multiplier.

Modulated Class C amplifier

The modulating audio signal and
the and the carrier signal, after
power amplification are applied
to this modulating stage
Block Diagram of Low Level Transmitters
MIC
Produces the
intelligence signal

Audio amplifier
Amplifies the
intelligence signal
AM Transmission Circuit
RF Amplifier Circuit