Theoretical Study of proton induced secondary

electron emission and Scattering of Electrons by

Lead Atom

Md. Sohag Hossain

Department of Physics
University of Rajshahi
Roll No: 13084373
Reg. No: 1498
Session: 2016-2017
First Part

Proton Induced Secondary Electron

Emission
Introduction
• We propose a new model to calculate the proton-induced secondary
electron emission yield for elemental solid.
• This model combines stopping power formula and modified Bethe
formula and this are connected with SEY formula of Batrakin et al.
• Experimental data available from Baragiola et al. Aarset et al. and
Large & Whitlock et al.
Outline of the Theory
• The stopping power for proton due to dielectric theory is given by

= 2( ]
Where,
v, is the velocity of the proton of mass Mp
e0, is magnitude of the electronic charge
E, is Energy (E = 1/2Mpv2 )
(k,), is the longitudinal dielectric function for the electron gas.
Outline of the Theory
•• The modified stopping power formula for electron according to Nguyen-Truong is given by
Sb = - = 4Na ln [ + GE ]
And
GE = 1- ln [ 1 + ()2] + () exp [ (1- + )2]
Here,
T=0.5v2
eo represent the electronic charge magnitude
Na, Avogadro number
, mass density of the target
A, atomic weight of the target
Zt, atomic number of the target atom
I, mean excitation energy of the target
Outline of the Theory
•• The stopping power due to combination of dielectric and Bethe formula to find SP
over entire range of energies is given by
= +
Secondary ion induced yield based on the assumption of proportionality between
stopping power and secondary electron emission yields. Batrakin et al. slightly
modified the SP expression introducing number density of atoms in denominator as,
= ( ) Sc
Here,
Ew=25 eV is energy required to produce one ion pair.
N is number density of atoms in the target.
Results and Analysis
Results and Analysis
Results and Analysis
Results and Analysis
Applications
• The secondary electron emission yields is immensely used in such
divers fields as microwave and millimetre power tubes, magnetrons,
cross fields amplifiers, radiation therapy, generation of plasma for
precision etching, highly efficient electric lighting, plasma physics,
electron multipliers, etc.
Conclusion
• Our proposed DBSY model comprises SP formula based upon the
dielectric response theory for proton, modified Bethe formula, and
SEY formula of Batrakin et al.
• One can calculate the SEY value for any element at any energy using
our DBSY model.
 Second Part

Scattering of electrons by lead

atom
Introduction
• Theoretically studied within the framework of complex projectile-
atom optical potential and relativistic Dirac partial wave analysis at
the impact energies from 6 eV–10 keV.
• Experimental and theoretical data available from Tosic et al. and only
theoretical data from Kumar et al.
• Tosic et al. employed Hartree-Fock (HF) and Dirac-Fock (DF) wave
functions in their theoretical analysis.
• The numerical electron charge density for neutral atoms, generated
by the Hartree-Fock method.
Outline of the Theory
The theoretical methodology
• The relativistic Dirac partial wave technique with accurate numerical as
well as analytical charge density for the lead atom has been employed.
• Dirac relativistic equation is given by,
[c�.�+��˳�2+V(r)] �(�)=� �(�)
Where, E = �˳�2 = Ei + �˳�2 is the total energy
�˳ is the rest mass of the electron
c denotes the velocity of light in vacuum
α and β represent the usual 4x4 Dirac matrices.
Outline of the Theory
The Interaction Potential

The complex optical potential ���� (�) employed in this work is given by

���� (�)=��� (�)+��� (�)+��� (�)−����� (�)

Static part Absorption part

Exchange
Correlation
part
polarization
part
Outline of the Theory
Cross sections calculation
•
The differential cross section for spin-unpolarized projectile is

Here, the direct and the spin-flip scattering amplitudes are

given respectively by

and

Here and are the Legendre polynomials and associated

Legendre functions.
Outline of the Theory
Cross sections calculation
•The total integrated elastic , the momentum transfer , and viscosity , cross
sections are expressed in terms of the scattering amplitudes and as-

The grand total cross section (TCS) is obtained by the following relation,

Where Im denotes the imaginary part of the expression that follows and
f(0) stands for the scattering amplitude in the forward direction.
Results and Analysis
Results and Analysis
Results and Analysis
Results and Analysis
Results and Analysis
Results and Analysis
Applications
• The scattering of e-Pb atom has been a subject of current research
interest to evaluate the abundances of lead in the solar photo-sphere.
• e-Pb atom scattering is essential to understand the collision
dynamics.
Conclusion
• The present results of the scattering observables agree fairly well with
the available experimental data.
• Depending upon the collision energy, the number of minima in the
DCS varies from one to four.
• Calculated energy dependence of the ECS, MTCS and VCS shows a
non-monotonous pattern of the minimum-maximum type.
• This study demonstrate the efficiency of the present electron-atom
optical model potential, and the method of calculations in generating
various scattering characteristics.