Filariasis

TROPMED BLOCK
Faculty Medicine USU
2016
EPIDEMIOLOGY
 Agent of Disease

*Manson’Tropical Disease 4thEd Chapter 54th

Lymphatic filariasis
Wuchereria bancrofti
Morphology

The larva was found by Demarquay (1863) and

Wucherer (1866)

The adult was first found by Bancroft in 1876

Nocturnal periodicity

Vector: Culex and Aedes

Wuchereria bancrofti
Morphology
Wuchereria bancrofti
Morphology

Cephalic
space 1:1

*modified from Manson’Tropical Disease 4thEd Chapter 54th

Brugia malayi
Morphology
The larva was first observed from a native
Sumatera by Brug (1927)
Nocturnal periodicity
Vector: Mansonia uniformis (rural) and
Anopheles spp. (urban)
Adult resembles that of W bancrofti
Female is 43-55 mm, male is 13-23 mm with
spiral-shaped tail
 Brugia malayi
Morphology

Cephalic
space 1:2

*modified from Manson’Tropical Disease 4thEd Chapter 54th

Brugia timori
Morphology
Cephalic
space 1:3

*modified from Manson’Tropical Disease 4thEd Chapter 54th

 The karvae migrate to the
lymphatic system, where
they grow, mate and form Female worms produce
nests. The nests cause microfilariae in lymphatic
blockages resulting swelling system, and live more than
and fever 20 years

An infected mosquito deposits Microfilariae (mf) appear in blood

larvae on the skin while biting after minimum 8 months in
and the larvae enter the skin W.bancrofti and 3 months in
B.malayi and lifespan mf is ± 1 year.

Migrate to the head and

mouthparts of the mosquito Microfilariae is ingested by
as infective larvae (L3) vector

Development in vector: Migrate

to the thoracic muscles where
*modified from they molt twice (L1-L3); 10-12
Manson’Tropical days
Disease 4thEd
Chapter 54th
Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis
 Management Diagnosis

Clinical manifestations

Laboratory diagnosis

Microscopic

Immunodiagnosis

Molecular technique

Ultrasonography
 Clinical manifestation

Acute filariasis

Chronic filariasis

Atypical presentation

Asymptomatic carrier
 Lymphaticvessel
Lymphatic vessel dilatation,
dilatation, valve
valve incompetency,
incompetency,
lymphatic back fow , pooling & oedem
lymphatic back flow, pooling & oedema a
25
Adult worms in the lymphatic system

Picture:
showing segment of necrotic
partly calcified adult filaria
with surrounding fibrosis and
inflammatory reaction in a
section epididymis and
contigous tissue.
 Microscopy for Filaria

Nucleopore membran (Knott’s concentration)

Staining thick blood film with Giemsa

Specific but not sensitive, depends on:

• Timing of sampling (periodicity)
• Volume of blood (volume increase à sensitivity increase)
• Staining of the blood film
• Morphological characteristics
Periodicity
 Pathophysiology
Acute filariasis
Management Diagnosis
Imunodiagnosis

Serologi untuk deteksi

antibodi W.bancrofti &
B.malayi
 Education and avoidance
Avoidance of musquito bites
Thank You