Solar tracking system using

rtc ds1307
PROJECT MADE BY:
Muhammad Ibrahim Syed (SP14-BEE-038)
Muhmmad Tayyab Farooq (SP14-BEE-030)
Muzafar Hussain (SP14-BEE-099)
Ahsan Ashfaq (SP14-BEE-009)
Waqas Farooq (FA12-BEE-059)
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
• INTERFACING THE DS1307 REAL TIME CLOCK WITH PIC18F452
• INTERFACING THE STEPPER MOTOR
• PRIME OBJECTIVE IS TO PROGRAM THE MICROCONTROLLER TO
MOVE THE ROTOR OF THE STEPPER MOTOR ACCORDING THE TIME OF
THE DAY
WHAT IS SOLAR TRACKING

• SOLAR TRACKING IS THE PHENOMENON QUITE VISIBLE IN

NATURE, SPECIFICALLY SEEN IN SUNFLOWER PLANTS
• SO, SOLAR TRACKING IS THE ORIENTATION OF DEVICE OR A
THING TOWARDS THE SUN
• THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT USUALLY IN DEVICES LIKE SOLAR
PANELS AND MIRRORS
METHODS OF SOLAR TRACKING
• THERE ARE TWO METHODS USED FOR SOLAR TRACKING
1. SENSOR BASED TRACKING (USES SENSORS)
2. REAL TIME BASED TRACKING (USES REAL TIME CLOCKS LIKE
DS1307)
• WE WILL FOCUS ON THE LATER METHOD IN THE FURTHER
PRESENTATION
 WHY RTC BASED TRACKER OVER THE
SENSOR BASED
• THERE IS LESS CHANCE OF ERROR IN THE OUTPUT
• LESS COMPONENT COST
• LESS COMPLEXITY
• SAVING THE TIME WHEN THE POWER INPUT IS REMOVED
OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT
• THE BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PROJECT IS SHOWN IN THE FIGURE
BELOW
OVERVIEW (2)

• ACCORDING TO THE FIGURE IN PREVIOUS SLIDE, WE HAVE THE

FOLLOWING THINGS:
• THE PIC MICROCONTROLLER IS THE BRAIN OF THE TRACKER
• THE TIME PROVIDED BY THE RTC IS PROCESSED BY THE
MICROCONTROLLER
• AFTER THE PROCESSING THE DATA PROVIDED BY THE RTC THE
ACTUATOR IS ACTIVATED AND TRANSLATES THE DATA INTO THE
MOVEMENT
Description of components (rtC DS-1307)
• DS-1307 IS AN EIGHT PIN DIP PACKAGE IC
• IT PROVIDES DATE AND TIME IN THE PACKED BCD FORMAT
• IT COMMUNICATES WITH THE MASTER DEVICE USING THE
SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL TRANSMISSION
• IT INVOLVES THE I2C BASED TRANSMISSION, IT IS EXPLAINED IN THE
FURTHUR SLIDES
OVERVIEW OF COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL
• THERE ARE TWO MAIN COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS USED IN THE
SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION WHICH ARE
1. INTER-INTEGRATED CIRCUIT PROTOCOL (I 2 C)
2. SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE PROTOCOL (SPI)
 2
I C communication protocol
• I 2 C STANDS FOR THE INTER-INTEGRATED CIRCUIT PROTOCOL
• IT IS THE PROTOCOL USED FOR THE SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION
• THIS TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL REQUIRES ONLY TWO SIGNAL WIRES
• ALSO THIS PROTOCOL IS USED FOR THE SMALL DISTANCES
TRANSMISSION WITHIN A DEVICE
SPI COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL
• SPI STANDS FOR THE SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE PROTOCOL
• IT REQUIRES 4 WIRES FOR THE TRANSMISSION
• IT IS FULL A DUPLEX TRANSMISSION MODE
 2
I C OVER SPI PROTOCOL
• I 2 C PROTOCOL IS MORE VERSATILE THAN THE SPI PROTOCOL
• I 2 C PROTOCOL NEEDS LESS HARDWARE
• I 2 C PROTOCOL IS ALSO QUITE SAFE FOR THE HARDWARE
• ALSO I 2 C PROTOCOL IS GOOD FOR THE PROCESS OF CLOCK
STRETCHING
PINOUT DIAGRAM OF THE DS-1307 IC

• THE PINOUT DIAGRAM IS SHOWN IN THE FIGURE, THE DETAILS

OF THE PINS ARE SHOWN IN THE NEXT SLIDES
Pinout configuration

• ACROSS THE PINS 1 AND 2 (X1 AND X2) AN OSCILLATOR OF 32.7 KHZ
• PIN 3 IS THE TERMINAL PROVIDED FOR THE BACKUP SUPPLY
• PIN 4 IS THE GROUND TERMINAL
• PIN 5 IS THE DATA INPUT OUTPUT PIN
• PIN 6 IS THE SERIAL CLOCK INPUT FOR DATA SYNCHRONIZATION
• PIN 7 GIVES THE SQUARE WAVE AS OUTPUT ON EITHER 1, 4, 8 OR
32KHZ
• PIN 8 IS THE INPUT VOLTAGE PIN FOR RUNNING THE IC
Description of components (stepper motor)
• IN THIS PROJECT STEPPER MOTOR IS USED AN ACTUATOR
• A STEPPER MOTOR IS A DC MOTOR THAT MOVES IN DISCRETE STEPS
• IT HAS MULTIPLE COILS ORGANIZED IN GROUPS CALLED PHASES
SHOWN IN FIGURE
ANIMATION OF A 4 PHASE STEPPER MOTOR
FEATURES OF STEPPER MOTOR
• IT HAS GOOD LOW SPEED TORQUE SO, GOOD CHOICE FOR LOW
SPEED HIGH PRECISION DEVICES
• IT MOVES IN PRECISE DISCRETE STEPS SO IT IS GOOD IN
APPLICATIONS FOR PRECISION
• DUE TO THE PRECISE CONTROL WE CAN CONTROL THE SPEED OF
ROTATION OF THE MOTOR
WHY STEPPER MOTOR OVER SERVO MOTOR
• THERE ARE MANY REASONS WHY THE STEPPER MOTOR IS CHOSEN IN
THIS PROJECT
• SINCE THE STEPPER MOTOR HAS LOW SPEED TORQUE, SO IT IS GOOD
FOR OUR PROJECT
• ALSO THE STEPPER MOTOR HAS LOCKED ROTOR WHICH MEANS THAT
THE POSITION OF THE ROTOR REMAINS THE SAME WHEN POWER IS
REMOVED
PROGRESS REPORT OF THE PROJECT
• THE PROJECT IS STILL IN RESEARCH AND TESTING PHASE DUE TO THE
FOLLOWING REASON
• WE HAVE TO GET OURSELVES ACQUAINTED WITH THE CONCEPT OF
SERIAL PROGRAMMING IS REQUIRED IN THIS PROJECT
SCHEDULED DATE OF COMPLETION
• THE PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO BE COMPLETED AND FULLY RUNNING
ON HARDWARE BY THE END OF PENULTIMATE WEEK OF THIS
SEMESTER. SO THE EXPECTED DATE IS 25TH DEC-2016.