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MANAJEMEN
KESUBURAN TANAH.
15 cm A hor izon
Perlu diketahui
30cm
kedalaman B horizon
45 cm
horison, dan
60 cm BC ho rizon
sampling tanah
75 cm
pada kedalaman
90cm C horizon
horison ini
Percent C - ---
Dep th
A hor izon
15 cm
E ho rizon
30cm
45 cm
60 cm Bhs ho rizon
75 cm
90cm C horizon
Variasi hasil analisis tanah akibat perbedaan kedalaman sampling tanah.
Variations in soil analysisBatas-batas
due to samplihorison
ng depth - clear
tanah boundaries
jelas
15 cm 0.25%
30 cm 0.05%
45 cm 0.02%
15 cm 0.15%
30 cm 0.05%
45 cm 0.02%
15 cm 0.15%
30 cm 0.07%
45 cm 0.02%
When
Kalauthishaloccurs, whichmaka
ini terjadi, is frequen
harustly,dilakukan
you must live with it. lebih
observasi Pick a akurat
modal depth and take
dan detail.
lots of sample
Tentukan s. It is always
kedalaman best todan
“median” measure
ambilhorizon
banyak depth at each
contoh pointPada
tanah. and average
setiap this,
titik
butsampel
no t always possible.
diukur kedalaman horison , dan kalau memungkinkan dirata-rata.
UJI TANAH
pH, acidity / alkalinity: Electrode in 1:1 or 1:2
soil:water ratio with 0.01M CaCl2. Some people use
distilled water – this generally gives a higher pH –
why? Al, H+ displacement. Also: review lime
requirement.
Phosphorus:
Sulfur:
SO42- is the preferred way, by water, phosphate,
LiCl.
Total S not usually useful except for research,
but with new CHNS analyzers, it is now easy to
get.
Uji Unsur Hara Mikro
Boron: Hot water extract. Some people use cold
water and works just as well.
4. Mycorrhizae
5. Nitrogen – unsur hara yang biasanya membatasi tanaman
Mengapa unsur hara itu penting?
ppm
Very low concentrations, but still essential
because of specialized roles in metabolism
I. Hara Tanaman
Hara Makro / Mikro
Hydroponics allowed us to see what was needed
The necessary nutrients are those the plant can
not grow with out
Dua Kategori:
1. Hara Makro (C, O, H, N, S, P, K, Ca, Mg)
Fig. 5.7
Akar tanaman dan penyerap[an hara dari tanah
Akar-akar halus
dan bulu akar
menyerap hara
dari tanah.
Hifa mikoriza
membantu
penyerapan hara
oleh akar.
Pertukaran Kation antara bulu akar tanaman dengan partikel
liat tanah
K+
K+ K+
Clay
H+ particle K+
K+
K+
K+ K+
Root hair
Mikoriza VAM (Vesicular
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza)
Di luar akar
• Spores (multinucleate)
• Hyphae
•thick runners
•filamentous hyphae
Genus: Rhizobium
N2 NH4
Supply of electrons
Penyerapan
ion hara
Penyerapan hara secara aktif
Outside
cell Net
(positive) positive
charge
Net negative
Inside cell charge
(negative)
Kation memasuki bulu akar melalui saluran atau Karier
Anion memasuki bulu akar melalui ko-transporter.
Konsep Kadar Kritis Hara tanaman
Above critical
concentration, there is
no net benefit (e.g.,
yield increase) if more
nutrient is supplied
Below critical
concentration, nutrient
level limits growth!
Not shown on diagram:
all elements eventually
become toxic at very
high concentrations
Analisis jaringan tanaman menunjukkan defisiensi hara
Gejala defisiensi muncul kalau hara esensial
tidak ada (tidak cukup)
Essential because of their
metabolic functions
Characteristic deficiency
symptoms shown because of
these roles
Typical deficiency responses are
Chlorosis: yellowing; precursor to
Necrosis: tissue death
Expressed when a supply of an
essential metabolite becomes
limiting in the environment
Element concentrations are
limiting for growth when they are
below the critical concentraion
This is the concentration of
nutrient in the tissue just below the
level giving maximum growth
Kurangnya hara akan berpengaruh negatif terhadap
pertumbuhan tanaman
Plant responses to limiting nutrients usually very
visible: affects yield/growth!
Again, chlorosis and necrosis of leaves is typical
Sometimes straightforward relationship
e.g., in chlorosis (lack of green color),
N: chlorophyll component
Mg: cofactor in chlorophyll synthesis
Ctrl -P -N - Fe
- Ca
REKOMENDASI PUPUK
Tujuan:
Menduga jumlah hara yang dibutuhkan untuk
pertumbuhan tanaman.
Aplikasi
Single
pupuk
fertilization
sekaligus
Aplikasi pupuk
Sumbangan N-
tersedia dalam
Split application
dua-kali tanah (dari
pupuk) masih
ada hingga
Nopember
Soil
Hara
Avail
ter-
sedia
Dapat terjadi pada P; juga berlaku bagi K, Ca, Mg
Nutr
dalam
tanah
N tersedia dalam
tanah mudah
hilang
1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Years
Tahun
.TEKNOLOGI APLIKASI PUPUK
1. Side dressing: setelah tanaman tumbuh
2. Point Injector fertilization: using a rod to
make a hole, put fertilizer deep near plant.
3. Dollop or tree tablet principle.
4. Fertigation: pupuk ditambahkan bersama
dengan air irigasi:
1. Tidak sama dnegan aplikasi daun.
2. Obviously require irrigation equipment;
not normal for forests or range soils
3. Sangat efisien
4. Biayanya mahal
APLIKASI PUPUK DUAN