ENGLISH

FRACKING
INTRODUCTION
JUSTIFICATION
 THE POSSIBILITY OF RESOLVING THIS SITUATION IS BASED ON 2
FACTORS:

1.-The importance of 2.-The importance of taking care

production of the environment
 OBJECTIVES
General objective
Improve the technique of hydraulic fracturing based on the types of
pollutants in conjunction with the new drilling tools. Propose new
strategies in the industry to reduce the pollution caused by this
practice.
 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
• Reduce pollution to the environment.
• Replace contaminating components with non-toxic substances.
• Reduce the excessive use of water.
 MACRO-LOCATION
The well of interest that was evaluated belongs to the Humapa field,
which corresponds to the project "Activo Integral Aceite Terciario del
Golfo" located in the central part of the Chicontepec Basin, Veracruz,
México.
 MICRO-LOCATION

The location of the Humapa well is in sector number 4 . Inside of the

Humapa Field; The location and drilling is in the SE portion.
 STRUCTURAL SITUATION

Geologically Humapa is located between the southern portion of the

Basin of Chicontepec and to the west of the Tuxpan Platform; this
basin originated in the Paleocene,
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The injections in the subsoil The hydraulic fracturing This technique was
to favor the extraction of technique was developed by implemented in several
petroleum go back until Edward a. L. Roberts who in countries since the 50s.
1860, in the North American 1865 patented the so-called • Norway
East coast, using at that "exploiting torpedo" that • Poland
time nitroglycerin. used dynamite and • Czechoslovakia
nitroglycerin detonations to • Yugoslavia
fracture the subsoil. • Hungary
But it is in 1947 when the • Austria
possibility of using water is • France
studied for the first time. The implementation of this • Italy
technique during the second • Bulgaria
part of the 20th century • Romania
focused particularly on the • Turkey
This method began to be phases of recovery and • Tunisia
applied industrially in 1949 increase of production. • Algeria
by the company Stanolind
Oil.
 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The technique to extract
natural gas from
unconventional deposits is
called fracking. During hydraulic fracturing,
This process involves a two main substances are
The aim is to exploit the series of environmental pumped into a well:
accumulated gas in the impacts. • Propping and Fracturing
pores and fissures of • Groundwater pollution fluids.
sedimentary rocks of fine or • Air pollution This substances are particles
very fine grains. • Greenhouse gas emissions that keep the fractures open
(methane) and preserve the newly
For this it is necessary to • Earthquakes formed paths to facilitate the
make hundreds of wells • Noise pollution formation of hydrocarbons.
occupying large areas and • Landscape impacts
inject millions of liters of
water loaded with a
chemical and toxic cocktail
to extract it.
 HYDRAULIC FRACTURE

Hydraulic fracturing can be defined

as the process in which the pressure
of a fluid is applied to the reservoir
rock until a failure or fracture occurs,
generally known as a formation
break.

The fluid used to transmit hydraulic

pressure is known as a fracturing
fluid.
  
WELL STIMULATION

The well stimulation process consists

in the injection of treatment fluids at
low costs and pressures that do not
exceed the fracture pressure,
 FRACTURE PRESSURE

• Fracture Pressure
• The fracture pressure is defined as the
pressure required to keep the fracture
open when it begins to close when the
pump is suspended. It should be
remembered that like Gf, in a reservoir
the fracture pressure (Pf) is a function
of the pressure of the same (Pfe).
 TOOLS

Drilling probe

Casing pipe

Puncture cannon
 DIAGNOSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION

The injection of water disturbs the state of effort in the subsoil, and if there are
faults there, they can reactivate and produce earthquakes. Of course, they are not
large earthquakes, but because they are shallow, they are felt very strongly by the
populations that are nearby.