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Bomb Calorimeter
ChE 124- Thermodynamics Laboratory
Under Prof. Dennis C. Ong
d nU = 𝑑𝑄 + 𝑑𝑊
𝑑𝑊 = −𝑃 𝑑𝑉
Since the bomb calorimeter used maintains the volume at a constant
value, the change in work or the work produced will be equal to zero.
𝑑 𝑛𝑈 = 𝑑𝑄
The bomb calorimeter also assumes an adiabatic system so that heat
released or absorbed by the system will be equal to the heat absorbed or
released by the surroundings. (Smith, Van Ness, & Abbott, 2005) The heat Q
can then be calculated as follows:
−𝑞𝑠𝑦𝑠 = 𝑞𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟 = 𝐶𝑐𝑎𝑙 Δ𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟
Introduction
BUTANOL
sugars. It is considered as a potential biofuel and can be used in
cars designed for gasoline. It can also be added to diesel fuel to
reduce soot emissions.
Introduction
Graduated
Thermometer Cylinder
Ice packs
Preparation of
Preparation of Preparation of Experiment
the Calorimeter
sample and fuse the bomb Proper
water
Preparation of sample
Pelletized sample
stored in a desiccator
Preparation of fuse
Weighing of Pressurizing of
Cleaning of the Attachment of
Steel capsule the bomb
bomb head and fuse to the
(empty and (Pressure < 590
cylinder electrodes
with pellet) psig)
Preparation of the bomb
• NOTE!
Make sure that the fuse is in contact with the
sample to ensure occurrence of combustion
Preparation of the Calorimeter water
The sealed bomb was placed inside the dewar filled with
3 L of distilled water
After the cover was secured in place, the stirrer was turned on and
temperature was recorded for 6 minutes every 30 seconds interval.
In order to initiate combustion, the firing button was pressed for 1-2
seconds.
Experiment Proper
Using tweezers, the unburnt fuse was then removed, inside the
steel capsule and on the electrodes, and weighed. The steel capsule
was also weighed after combustion. After the experiment, the bomb
was cleaned with distilled water and dried with a clean cloth. The
experiment was done for two trials.
CALIBRATION OF BOMB CALORIMETER
EXPERIMENT 1
Results & Discussion
Table 1. Change in temperature (corrected), internal energy, enthalpy and
the heat capacity of the calorimeter.
Trial 1 Trial 2
ΔT (oC) 1.168 1.166
Preparation of
Preparation of Preparation of Experiment
the Calorimeter
sample and fuse the bomb Proper
water
Results & Discussion
Parameters Trial 1 Trial 2
Mass of sample (g) 0.8156 0.8082
Table 2.1 Recorded
Mass of wire (g) 0.0122 0.0119
weights before and after
Mass of steel capsule 12.8018 12.6667
combustion
(g)
Preparation of
Preparation of Preparation of Experiment
the Calorimeter
sample and fuse the bomb Proper
water
Preparation of sample and fuse
i a b c f
27
26.5
TEMPERATURE IN 0C
26
25.5
25
24.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
TIME (MIN)
Results & Discussion
This could be attributed to the assumption that the gel capsule was
completely combusted therefore neglecting the fact that maybe
some of the remaining mass uncombusted was actually that of the
gel capsule and therefore affecting the exact calculation of the HHV
and eventually the experimental enthalpy of combustion.
Results & Discussion
This could have been prevented or minimized if there was a concrete way
in determining the actual constituents of the combustion residue,
preferably laboratory tests, to obtain more accurate values. However,
errors can also come from human error like experimenter readings of
measuring devices since the experiment required several methods
requiring accurate measurement of materials (e.g. volume measurement
of sample, weighing of sample, pre-combustion set-up, post-combustion
residue).
Results & Discussion
Still, the gross errors can be due to the bomb calorimeter itself, but
it is highly unlikely since the Ccal obtained from the previous
experiments should have accounted for these discrepancies, which
leads to the possible faulty calibration from past experiments.
Possible causes of errors
• Atkins and de Paula. (2002). Physical Chemistry (7th ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
• Bomb Calorimetry. (N. D.). Retrieved from
• http://www.chem.hope.edu/~polik/Chem345-1997/calorimetry/bombcalorimetry1.html
• Calibration of Oxygen Bomb Calorimeters. (2008, October 31). Retrieved from
http://www.siamzim.com/pdf/calorimeters/TN_101.pdf
• Calorimetry. (N. D.). Retrieved from
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/chemistryformajors/chapter/calorimetry/
• Helmenstine, A. M. Coffee Cup Calorimetry and Bomb Calorimetry. (2015). Retrieved from
http://chemistry.about.com/od/thermodynamics/a/coffee-cup-bomb-calorimetry.htm
• Lower, S. (N. D.). Constant Volume Calorimetry. Retrieved from
• http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Thermodynamics/Calorimetry/Constant_Volume_Calorimetry
• Smith, J., Van Ness, H., & Abbott, M. (2005). Introduction to
Chemical Engineering
• Thermodynamics 7th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
• U.S. National Library of Medicine. (N. D.). Naphthalene.
Retrieved from:
• https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/naphthalene#sectio
n
References
• Atkins and de Paula. (2002). Physical Chemistry (7th ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
• Bomb Calorimetry. (N. D.). Retrieved from
• http://www.chem.hope.edu/~polik/Chem345-1997/calorimetry/bombcalorimetry1.html
• Calibration of Oxygen Bomb Calorimeters. (2008, October 31). Retrieved from
http://www.siamzim.com/pdf/calorimeters/TN_101.pdf
• Clarke Energy. (2013, January 25). Heating Value. Retrieved from Clarke Energy:
• https://www.clarke-energy.com/2013/heating-value/
• Calorimetry. (N. D.). Retrieved from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/chemistryformajors/chapter/calorimetry/
• Helmenstine, A. M. Coffee Cup Calorimetry and Bomb Calorimetry. (2015). Retrieved from
• http://chemistry.about.com/od/thermodynamics/a/coffee-cup-bomb-calorimetry.htm
• Heat of Combustion. (N.D.) Retrieved from: https://neutrium.net/heat_transfer/heat-of-
• combustion/)
References