oxidation-reduction reaction

Redox Reaction
loss and gain of oxygen

oxidation - gain oxygen

reduction - loses oxygen
oxygen

C D
loses oxygen, gain oxygen,
reduction oxidation
oxidizing agent = substances that causes oxidation

reducing agent = substances that causes reduction

(reducing agent)
gain oxygen, oxidation

CuO(s) + C(s) → 2Cu(s) + CO2(g)

loses oxygen, reduction

(oxidizing agent)
loss and gain of hydrogen

oxidation - loss of hydrogen

reduction - gain of hydrogen
hydrogen

E F
loss hyrogen, gain hydrogen,
oxidation reduction
 gain hydrogen, reduction

H2S(g) + Cl2(g) → 2S(g) + HCl(g)

loses hidrogen, oxidation

 oxidation-reduction reaction
Redox Reaction
In oxidation-reduction reaction,
electron move between atoms.
electron

A B
 oxidation-reduction reaction
Redox Reaction
oxidation - loss of electron
reduction - gain of electron
electron

A B

oxidation reduction
A is oxidized B is reduced
 oxidation - loss of electron
reduction - gain of electron

OIL RIG
Oxidation Is Loss Reduction Is Gain
Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
Na Cl2 Na+ Cl-
 electron

Na Cl2

neutral neutral

Na+ Cl-

Na+ Cl-
 reduction
gain of electron

Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl

oxidation
loss of electron

oxidation - loss of electron

reduction - gain of electron
 oxidizing agent
reduction

0 0 +1 -1
Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl

oxidation

reducing agent
oxidation number of an element
=
the charge that the atom of
the element would have if
complete transfer of
electrons occur
General rules to determine oxidation
number

The oxidation number of atoms and molecules of

1 elements is zero.
H2 O2 Na Cu

The oxidation number for a simple ion is similar to

2 the charge of the ion.

Na+ S2-
 The oxidation number for hydrogen in most of its
3 compound is +1 except in metal hydride

The oxidation number for oxygen in most of its

4
compound is -2 except in peroxide -1

The sums of oxidation number for elements in a

5
compound = 0 (eg: CaCO3)

The oxidation number for the ions from Group 1, 2

6 and 13 are fixed

The sum of the oxidation numbers for elements in

7 a polyatomic ions equals to the charges of the
polyatomic ion. (eg: MnO4-)
 Nomenclature of ionic compound using
using IUPAC nomenclature

What is the name of the following

compounds?
a. FeI2
b. Fe(NO3)3
c. CuSO4
d. NaClO3
e. K2CrO4
f. Fe2(SO4)3
a. Iron (II) iodide
b. Iron (III) nitrate
c. Copper (II) sulphate
d. sodium chlorate (V)
e. potassium chromate (VI)
f. Iron (III) sulphate
Redox reaction in the displacement
of metals from its salt solution
The metal atom which is higher in the
electrochemical series will lose electrons to the metal
ions which is lower in the electrochemical series.
copper (II) sulphate solution
Electrolytic cell
Redox reaction in corrosion of
metal
Mg → Mg2+ + 2e
Zn → Zn2+ + 2e
Fe → Fe2+ + 2e

corrosion of metal- metal lose electron to

produce metal ion
 Aluminium, zinc, lead, nickel,
chromium
corrode

metal oxide

aluminium oxide - not porous

- firmly coated with
the metal
Rusting of iron
- water
- oxygen
cathode:2O2(g) +H2O (l) +4e→4OH-
reduction
Fe2+(aq)+2OH-(aq) →Fe(OH)2(s)
(oxidizing agent)
oxidation
Fe(OH)2(s) O → Fe2O3.xH2O(s)
2

Fe2+ Fe2+
cathode e e cathode
e
anode: negative terminal

anode:Fe(s) →Fe2+(aq)+2e
oxidation
(reducing agent)
 How to prevent rusting?

1. Alloying. (iron, nickel, chromium)

2. Using protective coating - grease, paint,
electroplating, galvanising
3. Sacrificial protection.