VOICE NETWORKS

1) Circuit Switched Networks

2) Telephone Signals
3) Analog & Digital Signals
4) Multiplexing
5) Digitizing Voice Signals
6) Digital Telephone
1) Circuit Switched Networks
EXAMPLE
 2) TELEPHONE SIGNALS

 A telephone signal (also known as reception and service) is

the signal strength (measured in dBm) received by
a telephone from a cellular network
 Depending on various factors, such as proximity to a tower,
any obstructions such as buildings or trees, etc. this signal
strength will vary.
3) ANALOG & DIGITAL SIGNALS
DIFFERENCE BET WEEN ANALOG AND DIGITAL

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=32&v=WxJK
XGugfh8
 4) MULTIPLEXING

 Multiplexing in the process of simultaneously transmitting two

or more individual signals over a signals communication .
 that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals
across a signals data link.
 When many signals or channels are to be transmitted, then
from transmitter’s side that sends
 Sending many signals separately is expensive and requires
more wires to send.
 So there is a need of multiplexing.
 For example in cable T.V distributor sends many channels
through single wire .
 T YPES OF MULTIPLEXING

 There are types of multiplexing are given below,

1) Frequency division multiplexing (FDM ).
 Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)
• Time division multiplexing (TDM)
 WHAT IS MULTIPLEXING

 Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLIjrdG88Ts
 5) Digitizing voice signals

 In order for the computer to process the sound signal

and/or store it on memory, we must digitize it (convert it into a
stream of numbers)
 6) DIGITAL TELEPHONE

 converts data into a binary code, i.e. 1s and 0s.

 This is the same way in which computers store information.
 The data in the form of 1s and 0s is then transmitted where it
is restructured into a representation of the sound, on the
other end.
 VOIP (voice over Internet protocol) is a type of digital signal
DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORKS

a) Packet Switched Networks

b) Local Area Networking
c) OSI Model
d) Internetworking
Technologies
e) Physical Layer Technologies
f) Digital Cable
 A) PACKET SWITCHED NETWORKS

 Packet switching doesn't require any advanced setup before

data transmission. Packets of data are send in some order.
 Packets may follow dif ferent path as no dedicated path are
assigned.
 Packets of data can arrive in any order.
 Packet switching have the advantages like fault tolerance,
redundant, ef ficiency etc.
 Packets can be stored at any point and transmitted later.
 Packet loss may occur as it can't provide guaranteed services.
B) LOCAL AREA NETWORKING
C) OSI MODEL
D) INTERNETWORKING TECHNOLOGY
 E) PHYSICAL LAYER TECHNOLOGIES

 The physical layer is the lowest layer in the OSI Model (Open
Systems Interconnection Model) and is used for transmitting
data in its basic form: bit -level.
 Physical layer components in a wired model
include cables and connectors that are implemented for
carrying data from one place to another.
 Data is transmitted in the form of electromagnetic signals,
which translates to a stream of bits
 F) DIGITAL CABLE

 Digital cable is the distribution of cable

television using digital video compression for distribution.
 to providing higher resolution HD video, digital cable systems
provide expanded services such as pay -per-
view programming, cable internet access and cable telephone
services.
 digital cable signals are encrypted, which reduced the high
incidence of cable theft which occurred in analog systems.