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Ryan Hagemann
Senior Director for Policy
AI in the Obama Administration
Government:
- Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights
- Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)
- National AI Strategy
- “Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence”
- Big Data and other Emerging Technology Reports
Source: White House, A Framework for Global Electronic Commerce, 1 July 1997,
https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/WH/New/Commerce/summary.html.
“Algorithmic Transparency”
- Proposals are often amorphous and unclear, imprecise or non-specific, technically
infeasible, or generally ill-defined
- “As more decisions become automated and processed by algorithms, these processes become more
opaque and less accountable. The public has a right to know the data processes that impact their
lives so they can correct errors and contest decisions made by algorithms. Personal data
collected from our social connections and online activities are used by the government and companies
to make determinations about our ability to fly, obtain a job, get security clearance, and even determine
the severity of criminal sentencing. These opaque, automated decision-making processes bear risks of
secret profiling and discrimination as well as undermine our privacy and freedom of association.”
(EPIC)
- “[K]nowledge of the algorithm is a fundamental human right.” (Marc Rotenberg, EPIC)
- These proposals often rely on calls for establishing algorithmic transparency in order
“to establish democratic accountability over innovation,” or argue that
regulations mandating a “right to explanation” should be required in order to deploy
AI systems.
YES NO
- Describes specific pathways by which
Did the operator have sufficient
No penalty
regulators can determine (1) whether a
controls to verify its algorithm
worked as intended? harm has transpired and (2) an what
level of punishment is appropriate
- One big outstanding question, however
YES NO …
Did the operator Did the operator
identify and rectify identify and rectify
harmful outcomes? harmful outcomes?
Source: Joshua New and Daniel Castro, “How Policymakers Can Foster Algorithmic
Accountability,” p. 26.
Taxonomy of Informational Injuries I
Type of Information Definition Informational Injury Definition
“Result in harm for consumers when
information they consider sensitive and
“Personal information that can be perceived would prefer to keep private becomes
Observable Information Autonomy Violations
first-hand by other individuals.” public through involuntary means and
tend to be harms that are ‘reputational
or interpersonal’ in nature.”
Source: Daniel Castro and Alan McQuinn, “Comments submitted to the Federal Trade
Commission RE: Informational Injury Workshop,” pp. 2-11.
Taxonomy of Informational Injuries II
Potential for Informational
Level Description
Injury
Source: Daniel Castro and Alan McQuinn, “Comments submitted to the Federal Trade
Commission RE: Informational Injury Workshop,” p. 11.
Taxonomy of Informational Injuries II
Potential for Informational
Level Description
Injury
Source: Daniel Castro and Alan McQuinn, “Comments submitted to the Federal Trade
Commission RE: Informational Injury Workshop,” p. 11.
Was there unfair
consumer injury?
YES NO
Did the operator have sufficient
No penalty
controls to verify its algorithm
worked as intended?
YES NO
Did the operator Did the operator
identify and rectify identify and rectify
harmful outcomes? harmful outcomes?
YES NO
Did the operator have sufficient
No penalty
controls to verify its algorithm
worked as intended?
YES NO
Did the operator Did the operator
identify and rectify identify and rectify
harmful outcomes? harmful outcomes?
YES NO
Did the operator have sufficient
No penalty
controls to verify its algorithm
worked as intended?
YES NO
Did the operator Did the operator
identify and rectify identify and rectify
harmful outcomes? harmful outcomes?
YES NO
Did the operator have sufficient
No penalty
controls to verify its algorithm
worked as intended?
YES NO
Did the operator Did the operator
identify and rectify identify and rectify
harmful outcomes? harmful outcomes?