Section 2

ISOMORPHIC
BINARY
STRUCTURES
 BINARY ALGEBRAIC STRUCTURE
Definition
- A binary algebraic structure is a set
together with a binary operation on .
 ISOMORPHISM, ISOMORPHIC
BINARY STRUCTURES
Definition
- Let and be binary algebraic
structures. An isomorphism of with is a
one-to-one function mapping onto
such that
for all
If such a map exist, then and are
isomorphic binary structures.
Example 2.3
Show that the binary structure with
operation the usual addition is isomorphic to
the structure where is the usual
multiplication.
Example 2.4
Let , so that is the set of all
even integers. Show that is isomorphic
to .
Example 2.5
The binary structures and are
not isomorphic. Why?
Example 2.6
The binary structure and are not
isomorphic. Why?
 IDENTITY ELEMENT
Definition
- Let be a binary structure. An
element of is an identity element for
if for all .
 UNIQUENESS OF IDENTITY
ELEMENT
Theorem
- A binary structure has at most one
identity element. That is, if there is an identity
element, it is unique.
Proof:
Theorem
- Suppose has identity element for
. If is an isomorphism of with
then is the identity element for
the binary operation on .
Proof:
Example 2.10
Show the structures and are not
isomorphic.
Example 2.11
Show that the structure and are
not isomorphic.