Relative Pronoun

A relative pronoun is a pronoun that

introduces a relative clause. It is called a
"relative" pronoun because it "relates" to
the word that its relative clause modifies
 What is clause?
• A clause is a group of words that includes a subject and
a verb.

• A clause can be distinguished from a phrase, which

does not contain a subject and a verb (e.g., in the
afternoon, drinking from the bowl).

• An independent clause can express a complete thought

(and can be a standalone sentence). A dependent
clause is usually a supporting part of a sentence, and it
cannot stand by itself as a meaningful proposition
(idea).
Examples of Independent Clauses
• Here are some examples of independent clauses (shaded):
Tara ate a bar of chocolate roll after she
watched the news.
• (Tara ate a bar of chocolate is an independent
clause. It works as a standalone sentence.)
• Even though his mother was a driving
instructor, my cousin failed his driving test six
times.
Examples of Dependent Clauses
• Here are the same examples with the dependent clauses
shaded:
• Tara ate a cheese roll after she watched the
news.
• (The clause after she watched the news is a
dependent clause. It does not work as a
standalone sentence.)
• Even though his mother was a driving
instructor, my cousin failed his driving test six
times.
 Relative Pronouns
• We use relative pronouns:
after a noun, to make it clear which person or thing
we are talking about:
Ex: the house that Jack built
the woman who discovered radium
an eight-year-old boy who attempted to rob a
shop
• To tell us more about a person or thing:
Ex : Lord Thompson, who is 76, has just retired.
We had fish and chips, which is my favourite
meal.
 The relation with tenses?
• Tense (s) is the form of verb takes to show the
time it happened.

• Tense is clearly shown in sentence

• Independent clause is a complete sentence

 Main Tenses
• Past Tense

• Present Tense

• Future
 Past Tense
• Simple Past Tense

• Past Continuous Tense

• Past Perfect Tense

 Present Tense
• Simple Present Tense

• Present Continuous Tense

• Present Perfect Tense

 Future Tense

Will vs Be going to
 Explanation
• There are five basic relative pronouns: who,
whom, whose, which, that
• Who (subject) and whom (object) are
generally only for people. Whose is for
possession. Which is for things. That can be
used for things and people only in defining
relative clauses (clauses that are essential to
the sentence and do not simply add extra
information).
 Exercise
• Wanita yang tinggal di sebelah adalah seorang
dokter
• The woman …………… lives next door is a
doctor
• Apakah anda telah menemukan kunci yang
anda hilangkan?
• Have you found the keys …………… you lost?
• Orang yang kita temui di perpustakaan
kemarin sangat ramah
• The people ……………..we met at the library
were very friendly
• Pegawai yang bekerja di kantor itu sangat
membantu
• The officer ………….. work at that office is very
helpfull
• Apa yang telah anda usahakan dengan uang
yang saya berikan?
• What have you done with the money ………… I
gave?
• Saya telah memberikan semua yang saya
miliki
• I have given all ………… I have
• Mengapa anda menyalahkan saya atas semua
yang salah?
• Why do you blame me for everything …………
goes wrong?
• Saya tidak sependapat dengan apa yang
barusan anda katakan
• I don’t agree with ………………. You’ve just said
• Kepala Daerah yang memimpin di sana sangat
ramah
• The head of district …………….. lead there is
very friendly
• Arsip yang tersimpan di lemari itu sangat
berharga
• The file ……………. is kept in the cupboard is
very valuable
 Note

• Who is used for people

• That is used for both of people and thing
• Which is used for thing or object
Thank
You