TK 4153

Perancangan Proses Teknik Kimia

[Chemical Process Design]
Pengantar Kuliah
Program Sarjana Teknik Kimia – Kelas B
Semester Ganjil 2018-2019
 Identitas Mata Kuliah
Nama Mata Perancangan Proses Teknik
Kuliah Kimia
Kode dan SKS TK 4153 dan 3 SKS
Jenis Mata Wajib
Kuliah
Dosen Zulfansyah, ST. MT.
Pengampu Laboratorium Pengendalian
dan Perancangan Proses
 Materi Kuliah
Materi Rujukan
Perancangan proses bahan-bahan kimia Chapter 4
dasar (basic chemicals) [2 class]
Heuristik perancangan proses [2 class] Chapter 6
Sintesa rangkaian alat pemisah [2 class] Chapter 8
Disain jaringan penukar panas [3 class] Chapter 9
Disain jaringan pertukaran massa [2 class] Chapter 10
Disain proses bacth [1 class] Chapter 11
Tugas besar perancangan proses [3 class]
Buku Teks
Peserta kuliah
diwajibkan memiliki
hardcopy buku
teks. [untuk
pemahaman materi
yang diberikan]
 Penilaian
• Nilai akhir diberikan dengan komposisi:
–Tugas, latihan kelas, quiz = 30%
–Mid test (jika ada) = 20%
–Tugas Besar (pasti ada) = 50 – 70%.
• Peserta kuliah yang tidak bisa hadir di
kelas, tidak berhak atas tugas, latihan
kelas ataupun quiz yang diberikan pada
saat tersebut.
 Classroom
• Seluruh peserta kuliah wajib join pada
classroom Perancangan Proses Teknik
Kimia Semester Ganjil 2017/2018.
• Materi kuliah akan diposting pada
classroom.
• Code Joint Classroom hd1bwm8
Question
Introduction to Process Design
Chemical Products Clasification
 Primitive Design Problems
• The design or retrofit of chemical
processes begins with the desire to
produce profitably chemicals that
satisfy societal needs.
 Primitive Design Problems
• The broad spectrum of industries that
employ chemical engineers:
- Petrochemicals - Petroleum
products - Coating
- Industrial gases - Foods
- Pharmaceuticals - Polymers
- Electronic - Bio-chemicals
materials
 Primitive Design Problems
• Partly due to the growing awareness of
the public, many design projects involve
the redesign, or retrofitting, of existing
chemical processes to solve
environmental problems and to adhere
to stricter standards of safety.
 Origins of Design Problems
• Often, design problems result from the
explorations of chemists, biochemists, and
engineers in research labs to satisfy the desires
of customers to obtain chemicals with
improved properties for many applications
• However, several well-known products, like
Teflon (poly tetra flouro ethylene), were
discovered by accident
• In other cases, an inexpensive source of a raw
material(s) becomes available.
 Origins of Design Problems
• Other design problems originate when new
markets are discovered, especially in
developing countries.
• Anothers source of design projects is the
engineer himself, who often has a strong
inclination that a new chemical or route to
produce an existing chemical can be very
profitable.
 Typical Primitive Design Problem

• Consider, the need to manufacture vinyl

chloride (VC),
 Typical Primitive Design Problem
• A typical primitive problem statement is as follows,

“An opportunity has arisen to satisfy a new demand for

VC monomer (VCM), on the order of 800 million
pounds per year, in a petrochemical complex on the
Gulf Coast, given that an existing plant owned by the
company produces one billion pounds per year of this
commodity chemical. Since VCM is an extremely toxic
substance, it is recommended that all new facilities be
designed carefully to satisfy governmental health and
safety regulations”
Steps in Process Design and Retrofit
Steps in Process Design and Retrofit
 Assess Primitive Problem
• Process design begins with a primitive
design problem that expresses the current
situation and provides an opportunity to
satisfy a societal need.
 Assess Primitive Problem
• The primitive problem is examined by a
small design team, who begins to assess
its possibilities, to refine the problem
statement, and to generate more specific
problems:
–Raw materials - available in-house,
can be purchased or need to be
manufactured?
 Assess Primitive Problem
–Scale of the process (based upon a
preliminary assessment of the current
production, projected market demand,
and current and projected selling
prices)
–Location for the plant.
 Assess Primitive Problem
• Refined through meetings with
engineering technical management,
business and marketing.

• Brainstorming to generate alternatives

 Environmental Issues in Design
• Handling of toxic wastes
97% of hazardous waste generation by
the chemicals and nuclear industry is
wastewater (1988 data).
In process design, it is essential that
facilities be included to remove
pollutants from waste-water streams.
 Environmental Issues in Design

• Reaction pathways to reduce by-product

toxicity
As the reaction operations are
determined, the toxicity of all of the
chemicals, especially those recovered
as byproducts, needs to be evaluated.
 Environmental Issues in Design
• Reaction pathways to reduce by-product
toxicity
Pathways involving large quantities of
toxic chemicals should be replaced by
alternatives, except under unusual
circumstances.
 Environmental Issues in Design
• Reducing and reusing wastes
Environmental concerns place even
greater emphasis on recycling, not only
for un-reacted chemicals, but for
product and by-product chemicals, as
well. (i.e., production of segregated
wastes - e.g., production of composite
materials and polymers).
 Environmental Issues in Design
• Avoiding non-routine events
Reduce the likelihood of accidents and
spills through the reduction of transient
phenomena, relying on operation at the
nominal steady-state, with reliable
controllers and fault detection systems.
 Environmental Issues in Design
• Design objectives, constraints and
optimization
Environmental goals often not well
defined because economic objective
functions involve profitability
measures, whereas the value of reduced
pollution is often not easily quantified
economically.
 Environmental Issues in Design
• Design objectives, constraints and
optimization
Solutions: mixed objective function
(price of reduced pollution), or express
environmental goal as “soft” or “hard”
constraints.
Environmental regulations =
constraints
question