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LEARNING GOALS
Study the basic types of two-port models
Admittance parameters
Impedance parameters
Hybrid parameters
Transmission parameters
I2 I2
y21 y22
V1 V V2 V 0
2 0 1
LEARNING EXAMPLE Find the admittance parameters for the network
I1 y11V1 y12V2
I 2 y21V1 y22V2
I1 y11V1 y12V2
I 2 y21V1 y22V2
3 1
I1 V1 V2
2 2
1 5
I 2 V1 V2
2 6
1
I1 2 A, V2 4 I 2 2
I V2
4
The model plus the conditions at the
ports are sufficient to determine the
other variables. 13
V1 V2
6
3 1
2 V1 V2 8
2 2 V2 [V ]
11
1 5 1
0 V1 V2 2
2 6 4 I 2 [ A]
11
IMPEDANCE PARAMETERS
V1 V2
z11 z21
I1 I I1
2 0 I 2 0
V1 V2
z12 z22
I2 I1 0
I2 I1 0
LEARNING EXAMPLE Find the Z parameters
V1 z11I1 z12 I 2
V2 z21I1 z22 I 2
V1 V2
z11 z21
I1 I I1
2 0 I 2 0
V1 V2
Write the loop equations z12 z22
I2 I1 0
I2 I1 0
V1 2 I1 j 4( I1 I 2 )
V2 j 2 I 2 j 4( I 2 I1 )
rearranging
V1 (2 j 4) I1 j 4 I 2 z11 2 j 4 z12 j 4
V2 j 4 I1 j 2 I 2 z21 j 4 z22 j 2
LEARNING EXAMPLE Use the Z parameters to find the current through the 4 Ohm
resistor
V1 z11I1 z12 I 2
V2 z21I1 z22 I 2
V1 I2
h11 h21 h11 short - circuit input impedance
I1 V I1 V
2 0 2 0 h12 open - circuit reverse voltage gain
V1 I2 h21 short - circuit forward current gain
h12 h22
V2 I1 0
V2 I1 0 h22 open - circuit output admittance
These parameters are very common in modeling transistors
LEARNING EXAMPLE Find the hybrid parameters for the network
I1 I2
V1 h11 I1 h12V2
V1 V2
I 2 h21 I1 h22V2
I2
I1 I2 I1 0
V1 V2
V1 V2 0
6 2
V1 V2 h12
3 6 3
V1 (12 (6 || 3)) I1 h11 14
V2 1
6 2 I2 h22 [ S ]
I2 I1 h21 9 9
3 6 3
TRANSMISSION PARAMETERS ABCD parameters
V1 I1
A C A open circuit voltage ratio
V2 I 2 0
V2 I 2 0
B negative short - circuit transfer impedance
B
V1
D
I1 C open - circuit transfer admittance
I2 V
2 0
I2 V
2 0
D negative short - circuit current ratio
LEARNING EXAMPLE Determine the transmission parameters
V1 AV2 BI 2
I1 CV2 DI 2
V1 I1
A C
V2 I 2 0
V2 I 2 0
V1 I1
B D
I2 V I2 V
2 0 2 0
when I 2 0
when V2 0
1 1
j j
V2 V A 1 j I2 I1
1
I1 D 1 j
1 1 1 j
1 1
1
j j
1 I 1 2 j
V2 I1 1 j V1 1 (1 || ) I1 (1 j )I 2
j V2 j
1 j
B 2 j
PARAMETER CONVERSIONS
1
y11 y12 z11 z12 1 z22 z12
y z
21 y22 z21 z22 Z 21 z11
CASCADE:
Output of first subsystem
acts as input for the
second
Parallel Interconnection: Description Using Y Parameters
Interconne ction
descriptio n
I1 y11 y12 V1
I y y22 V2
2 21
I YV
Interconnection constraints Z Za Zb
Ia Ib I V Za I Zb I ( Za Zb ) I
V Va Vb
Cascade connection using transmission parameters
CASCADE:
Output of first subsystem
acts as input for the
second
Interconnection constraints:
I 2 a I1b V2 a V1b
V1 V1a V2 V2 b
I1 I1a I 2 I 2b V1 AV2 BI 2
I1 CV2 DI 2
V1a Aa Ba V2a
I C Da I 2a
V1 A B V2
1a a I C
1 D I 2
I1 j2 I2
1 1
V1 V2 j 2 I1 y11a j , y12 a j 3 1 1 1
V1 V2 2 2 5 j j
I 2 I1 2 5 2
1 1 Y [ S ]
y21a j , y22 a j 1
j 1 2
j
1
2 2 5 2 5 2
I1 I2
1 2 V1 2 I1 I 2 2 1
1
1 3 1
V1
1 V2
V2 I1 3 I 2 Yb 5 1 2
1 3
LEARNING EXAMPLE Find the Z parameters of the network
Network A
2 2 j 2
3 2 j 3 2 j
Za
2 2 4 j 5 4 j 5 2 j
3 2 j 3 2 j 3 2 j 3 2 j
Z Za Zb
5 2 j 5 6 j
1 1
Zb 3 2 j 3 2 j
1 1
LEARNING EXAMPLE Find the transmission parameters
A B 1 j 2 j
By splitting the 2-Ohm resistor, C D j 1 j
the network can be viewed as the
cascade connection of two identical
networks
A B 1 j 2 j 1 j 2 j
C D j 1 j j 1 j
A B (1 j ) 2 (2 j ) j (1 j )(2 j ) (2 j )(1 j )
C D
j (1 j ) (1 j )( j ) j (2 j ) (1 j ) 2
A B 1 4 j 2 2 4 6 j 2 2
C D Two-Ports
2 j 2 1 4 j 2 2
2