Introduction

 According to Geiseler (1996), in 350 BC Aristotle has indicated that during the
purification of iron, a by product is generated like a stone called iron slag.
 The iron and steel slag that is generated as a by product of iron and steel manufacturing
processes can be broadly categorized into blast furnace slag and steel making slag. Blast
furnace slag is recovered by melting separation from blast furnaces that produce molten
pig iron.
 Current total productions of steel slag in India, are around 12 million tonnes per annum(
Indian minerals yearbook, may 2016).
 which is generated during the melting process of mixed materials which are steel scrap,
pig iron, silico-mangnese, sponge iron and al-shots is turned as granulated blast furnace
slag.
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 Study was carried out to utilize the slag in different layers of road construction. Being
cohesion less material, it was mixed with local soil in the range of 5-25% and their
geotechnical characteristics were evaluated. Technical specifications of slag were
developed for utilization in the construction of embankment, sub grade, sub base layers
of road pavement.

 In the last few years, heavy losses were reported on most of the highways on most of the
highways. The reasons behind this can be observed: the strength and thickness of the
layers, mixing design, change in traffic load, etc.A few studies have tried to quantify the
benefits of steel slag in reducing the failure factors through the sub case layer, but no
firm conclusions can be drawn due to differences of results.
 Need of study
 Industrial waste are produced.
 The disposal is a big problem.
 Environmental benefits would be economical.

Study site
➢ Virta to gorad road site. Soil collection.
➢ Visnagar to collect steel slag.
 Objective

 To utilize the slag in different layers of road construction.

 The main objective of this research is to study the effect of using steel slag aggregate by
different ratios on improving the mechanical properties.
 To evaluate physical properties of steel slag.

Literature study

 Use of steel slag in construction of flexible pavement by Sandip.S.Patil, S.S.Bachhav

 Steel slag as a road construction material by Abhishek Kumar, Shipra Chaubey, Avinash
Mani
 Abhishek Kumar, Shipra Chaubey, Avinash
Mani,

 It is imperative to utilize the steel slag effectively with technical enhancement in each
area.Steel slag is gradually achieving importance in road construction industries due to
considering it’s disposal, environmental and health issues. Gorakhpur and it’s suitability for
use in sub grade layer and side trenches of flexible pavement was determined. To improve
geotechnical engineering properties of sub grade, the steel slag was mechanically mixed and
stabilized with locally available soil in the range of 10% to 40%. Geotechnical standards of
these stabilized mixes were analyzed to investigate their feasibility in the construction of
different layers of road pavement. operation of steel slag to be used are California Bearing
Ratio Test (CBR Test) and Standard Proctor’s Compaction Test.
 Sandip.S.Patil, S.S.Bachhav,.
D.Y.Kshirsagar

 In this study, a typical steel slag was collected from an M/s Jindal Steel Industry Pvt.Ltd
Sinner MIDC, (M.S) in India and its feasibility for use in different layers of road construction
was investigated. To improve its Geotechnical engineering properties, the Steel Slag material
was mechanically stabilized with locally available soil in the range of 5 – 25%. Geotechnical
parameters of these stabilized mixes were evaluated to investigate their suitability in the
construction of different layers of road Technical specification of steel slag is developed for
utilization in the construction of embankment, sub grade and sub base layer of Flexible
pavement.
 Methodology

1. Problem identification

2. Literature review

3. Material collection

4. Testing for physical properties

5. Mix design

6. Testing of different proportion of material

7. Result analysis

8. Conclusion
 Proposed workplan

Finalization of Title June - 2018

Methodology discussion June - 2018
Collecting Literature July - 2018
Literature study July/Aug - 2018
Material collection Sept 2018
Modified proctor test , specific gravity test Oct -2018
 Proposed workplan

Softening point test Dec - 2018

Ductility test Dec - 2018
Moisture absorption test Feb - 2019
Final conclusion April - 2019
 Test work
Modified Proctor test
OBJECTIVE :

 To determine moisture content and dry density relationship using heavy compaction or
modified compaction method as per IS-2720-Part-8.

APPARATUS :
 Metal mould (volume = 1000 cm3)

 Balance (capacity = 10 kg, least count = 1g)

 Oven (110 to 1100C)

 Sieve (18 mm)

 Metal rammer (Weight = 4.9 kg)

 Compaction Mould and Rammer

PROCEDURE :
 Dry the soil sample by exposing it to air or sun light.

 Sieve the air dried soil through 19 mm sieve.

 Add suitable amount of water with the soil and mix it thoroughly. For sandy and gravelly
soil add 3% to 5% of water. For cohesive soil the amount of water to be added should be
12% to 16% below the plastic limit.

 Weigh the mould with base plate attached to the nearest 1g. Record this weight as ‘W1’.

 Compact the moist soil into the mould in five layers of approximately equal mass, each
layer being given 30 blows, with the help of 4.9 kg rammer, dropped from a height of
450 mm above the soil. The blows must be distributed uniformly over the surface of each
layer.

 “After completion of the compaction operation, remove the extension collar and level
carefully the top of the mould by means of straightedge.
 The total no. of determinations made shall be at least five, and the moisture contents should
be such that the optimum moisture content, at which the maximum dry density occurs, is
within this range.

CALCULATION:

 Bulk density, γb in g/cm3 of each compacted specimen is calculated from the following
equation.

 γd= γb/1+w

 Where,

 γb = W2 – W1

 W1 = Weight in g of mould + base plate

 W2 = Weight in g of mould + base plate + soil

 Vm = Volume of mould i.e. 1000 cm3.

 Dry density, γd in g/cm3 of each compacted specimen is calculated from the following
equation.
Type of Mix OMC (%) MDD (KN/m3)

100LS 12.12 19.35

5S+95LS 09.61 19.93

10S+90LS 11.12 19.55

15S+85LS 12.0 19.65

25S+75LS 10.91 20.86

100S 8.55 24
OMC and MDD graph
 Specific Gravity test

 The knowledge of specific gravity is needed in calculation of soil properties like viod
ratio, degree of saturation etc.

 Specific gravity G is defined as the ratio of weight of an equal volume of distilled water
at the temperature both weights taken air.

 The Pycnometer is used for determination of the specific gravity of soil particles of both
fine grained and coarse grained soils. The specific gravity of soil is determined using the
relation:

Equipment for Pycnometer Test:

 Pycnometer of about 1 litre capacity.

 Weighing balance, with an accuracy of 1g.

 Glass rod.

 Vacuum pump.
Procedure for Specific Gravity of Soil by Pycnometer:
 Clean and dry the Pycnometer. Tightly screw its cap. Take its mass (M1) to the nearest of
0.1 g

 Mark the cap and Pycnometer with a vertical line parallel to the axis of the Pycnometer
to ensure that the cap is screwed to the same mark each time.

 Unscrew the cap and place some oven dried soil in the Pycnometer. Screw the cap.
Determine the mass (M2).

 Unscrew the cap and add sufficient amount of de-aired water to the Pycnometer so as to
cover the soil. Screw on the cap.

 Shake well the contents. Connect the Pycnometer to a vacuum pump to remove the
entrapped air, for about 20 minutes for fine-grained soils and about 10 minutes for
coarse-grained soils.

 Disconnect the vacuum pump. Fill the Pycnometer with water, about three-fourths full.
Fill the Pycnometer with water completely unto the mark. Dry it from outside. Take its
mass 8
  Reapply the vacuum for about 6min till air bubbles stop appearing on the surface of the
water.

 Empty the Pycnometer. Clean it and wipe it dry.

 Fill the Pycnometer with water only. Screw on the cap up to the mark. Wipe it dry. Take
its mass (M4).

 Empty the Pycnometer. Clean it and wipe it dry.

 Fill the Pycnometer with water only. Screw on the cap up to the mark. Wipe it dry. Take
its mass (M4).

Where
M1=mass of empty Pycnometer,
M2= mass of the Pycnometer with dry soil
 M3= mass of the Pycnometer and soil and water,
M4 = mass of Pycnometer filled with water only.
G= Specific gravity of soils.

 M1= 615 gm
 M2= 1100 gm
 M3= 1791 gm.
 M4 = 1510 gm.

 By calculation G= 2.15

Conclusion of Sp. Gravity Test

 Local soil is a material having specific gravity of 2.15 and Steel Slag having specific
gravity 4.26.
 REFERENCES

1. M. M. A. Aziz, M. Shore, A. Ashen, H. Y. Liu, and L. Tay.(2015) An Overview on the

Performance of Steel Slag in Highway Industry, Journal of Advanced Review on
Scientific Research, ISSN (online): 2289-7887,(2015), Vol. 5, No.1. Pp.30-41.

2. Niraj D. Baraiya,(2013),Use of Waste Rubber Tyres in Construction of Bituminous Road

– An Overview, International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engg &
Management (IJAIEM),ISSN 2319 - 4847,(2013) Vol.2, Issue.7,July-2013,pp.108-110.

3. Tara Sen and Umesh Mishra,(2010)Usage of Industrial Waste Products in Village Road
Construction, International Journal of Environmental Science &
Development,ISSN:2010-0264,(2013), Vol.1, No.2, June 2010,pp.122-126.

4. Hassan Ziari & Mohammad M. Khabiri (2007), Preventive maintenance of flexible

pavement and mechanical properties of steel slag asphalt. Journal Of Environmental
Engineering And Landscape Management, 2007, Vol. XV, No 3,pp. 188–192.
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