James Madison

B. Concerns:

• 1-USA was • 3-The USA tried to

militarily weak and attack Canada from
unprepared and had Detroit, Fort Niagara,
to use privateers and Lake Champlain
• 2-War hawks pushed and
for war with GB and • all three campaigns
wanted to push them failed (lost forts
out of Canada Michilmackinac,
Detroit, and
Dearborn)
 War Hawks
• $, Land –
Southerners wanted
Florida, Westerners
wanted Canada
• While England was
busy with Napoleon in
Europe, take Canada
 Oliver Hazard Perry
• Ordered to take
control of Lake
Erie, but when
he got there, no
boats
• Had to build his
fleet (9 ships)
using barns and
anything else
Amazing
Perry!
Moved ships
overland
around
Niagara Falls
to attack
British war
ships on Lake
Erie in 1813
His Battle Flag motto: Don’t give up the ship,
in honor of Lawrence who died on the
Chesapeake.
 Hero Commodore Perry
In 1813 and forced the After his ship was
British out of Fort Detroit destroyed, he rowed to
Niagra and won the battle
• In winning the battle, Perry secured control
of the entire Great Lakes region with
stories of his death defying courage, and
leadership. The significance of the victory
went beyond American shores. Never
before had Britain lost an entire fleet in
battle! When Britain lost Lake Erie her
“World Crown” came tumbling down.
“Britannia ruled the waves”… no more.
• Following the triumph, Perry ferried
Harrison's Army of the Northwest to Detroit
where it began its advance into Canada.
American victory at the Battle of the
Thames on October 5, 1813.
• Hailed as hero, Perry was promoted to
captain.
• 1819: Perry becomes ill with yellow fever
and dies, on August 23, his 34th birthday.
 Oliver Hazard
Perry
“I have met the enemy and they are ours” His Battle Flag
motto: Don’t give up the ship, in honor of Lawrence who
died on the Chesapeake.
 I. War of 1812
A. Causes:
1- Madison claimed GB was hostile to USA:
a. Impressment of American ships/sailors
b. Northwest Territory’s Native Americans were being
furnished weapons by the British to use on Americans
c. Spanish (allies of GB) allowed run away slave haven in Florida
and the threat that GB would attack the USA from Florida
d. American embargo hurt GB’s food supply and war with France made GB desperate
. 1814 – British captured Washington D.C. (1,000 Am. Vs. 6,000 Br.)
a. Dolly Madison save important papers and GW portrait
b. Capital and Pres. House burned: later had to paint it
white to cover the scorch and called it the “White House”
 5. Bombardment of Fort McHenry,
Baltimore inspired
F.S. Key to write the nation’s anthem
“Star Spangle Banner”
 C. Dec. 24, 1814, Treaty of Ghent
1- Was to end the fighting. No one won or lost, but the USA
gained the world’s respect, a sense of patriotism, and national identity
2. January 1815 - Battle of New Orleans
a. 8,000 British troops attack at New Orleans to close off the Mississippi
b. Andrew Jackson, “Old Hickory,” positioned Americans
behind cotton bales to stop the British
c. 2,000 British killed and 20 American casualties
Nothing lost, nothing gained
Old Ironsides and Hickory
Nationalism – Pride in being
American!