CCNA 200-125

Eng Ayman Saeed

01005080910-01120440064
Whatspp 01005080910
 Introduction to CCNA R&S
1- Basic network fundamentals
2- Standard used in networks
3- Devices used in network
4- IP addressing v4 and v6
5- Router navigation and configuration
6- Switch navigation and configuration
7- Routing protocols
8- Security
9- Wide area network (WAN)
 TCP/IP model
OSI Model TCP/IP

Application

Presentation Application

Session

Transport Transport

Network Network

Data link Data link

Physical Physical
 Protocols to be known
OSI Model Examples of protocols

Application

Presentation TFTP – DNS – Telnet – NFS – SMTP – SNMP – HTTPS – HTTP

Session

Transport TCP UDP

Network MPLS IPv4 IPv6 OSPF RIP

Data link HDLC Token ring PPP FDDI Frame

Physical Cables Ethernet Fast Ethernet

 1- Physical layer
Physical Layer
(Bits)

Cables NIC ( Network

Hubs Repeaters
IEEE802.1a interface cards )
 Cables
Length Speed Speed Power over Mhz
(Meters) Mb/s Gb/s Ethernet
10 100 1 10

Cat-5 100 X X X 100

Cat-5e 100 X X X X 100

Cat-6 100 X X X X X 250

55 for 10 Gb/s

Cat-6A 100 X X X X X 500

Cat 7/7A 100 X X X X X 600/1000

 NIC ( Network interface cards )
Ethernet
10 base T 100 m 10 Mb/s
100 base T 100 m 10/100 Mb/s
1000 base T 100 m 10/100/1000 Mb/s
Fiber cards
10Gb/s Sx Short distance ( up to 400 m )
40 Gb/s Base Lx Long distance ( up to 10km )
100 Gb/s Zx Extra long distance ( Up to 100 Km )
 Fiber optic cables
Type Description 1GbE 1GbE 10GbE 10GbE
distance distance distance distance

Multimode Meters @ 850 Meters @ 1300 Meters @ 850 Meters @ 1300

nm nm nm nm

OM1 Standard 300 550 33 Na

OM2 Standard 750 600 150 Na

OM3 Laser-optimized 1000 600 300 Na

OM4 Laser-optimized 1000 600 550 Na

Single mode Meters @ 850 Meters @ 1300 Meters @ 850 Meters @ 1300
nm nm nm nm

OS2 Standard SMF 5000 na 10000 40000

 Application Layer protocols
• BGP DHCP DNS FTP
• HTTP IMAP LDAP MGCP
• NNTP NTP
• RTP RSTP RIP
• SMTP SNMP SSH TELNET
• TLS/SSL XMPP
 Transport layer protocols
• TCP UDP DCCP SCTP RSVP
• Windowing ACK NACK
• Sequencing
• Error detection
 Network/Internet Layer
• IPv4 IPv6
• Routing protocols
• Router protocols
 Access layer
• PPP Frame-relay MAC address
• ARP RARP HDLC
 OSI Model
Date units Layers

Data Application

Host Layer
Data Presentation

Data Session

Segments Transport
Media layer

Packets Network

Frames Data link

Bits Physical
 OSI compared to TCP/IP
OSI TCP/IP
Layer Number Layer name Description Layer name
Data Application HTTP, HTTPS, TFTP, DNS, SSH
Data Presentation JPEG, ASCII, RTF
Application
Dialogue control, duplex
Data Session
synchronazation
Segment Transport TCP, UDP, NACK, ACK, Sequencing Transport
ICMP, Routing protocols, IPv4, Network/Internet
Packets Network
IPv6, MAC addressing layer
HDLC, PPP, Switches, Bridges,
Frames Data link Data link
FDDI, LLC
Cables, connectors, NIC, Fiber,
Bits Physical Physical
Hubs
 Benefits of layers
• Better understanding of your network
• So easier to troubleshoot
• Trouble shooting will be isolated
• Easier for vendors when creating equipment
Cisco 3 layer model

Cisco 3 layer design model

Core layer

Distributing layer

Access layer
 LAN overview
1- Common Home of small office
2- Common Enterprise office
 Ethernet cabling standards
Cable name Cable type Speed Mb/s Max Seg. Length

Ethernet

10base2 Coaxial 10 185 m

10base5 Coaxial 10 500 m

10baseT UTP – Cat 3 10 100 m

10baseT UTP – Cat 5 100 100 m

10base Fiber optic 10 2km

Fast Ethernet
100baseT4 UTP 100

100baseTx UTP/STP 100

100baseFx Fiber optic 100

Gigabit Ethernet

1000base Sx Fiber – Multimode 1000 550 m

1000base Lx Fiber – Multimode 1000 550 m
1000base Lx Fiber – Singlemode 1000 5 km

1000base X UTP 1000 25 m

1000base T UTP – Cat 5 1000 100 m

 Introduction to IPv4
Class Range Default mask Default host
Public addresses
A 1-126 255.0.0.0 16,777,216
B 128-191 255.255.0.0 65,536
C 192-223 255.255.255.0 256
D 224-239 N/A N/A
E 240-255 N/A N/A
Private addresses
A 10.0.0.1 – 10.255.255.254 255.0.0.0
B 172.16.0.1 – 172.31.255.254 255.255.0.0
C 192.168.1.1 – 192.168.255.254 255.255.255.0
 IPv4 structure
• X.X.X.X each X is called octant
• Each X contains 8 bits with 2^n
• Teach students how to VLSM
• Teach student how to summarize
 Summarization
Why we summarize our network
- Reduce routing table in router
- Reduce the packet size be sent
- Efficient routing
 Ethernet cable RJ-45
1- Straight cable
2- Cross over cable
 Ethernet wiring standards
3- Roll over cable
 Cisco router components
Name Description Job

ROM Read only memory Bootstrap – mini IOS – Rommon

Flash Flash Saves your IOS boot up software

NVRAM Non volatile random access Saving configuration

memory

RAM Random access memory Cache, Routing table and running config.
Boot sequence of router