INTRODUCTION

Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet-

visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis or UV/Vis) refers
to absorption spectroscopy or reflectance
spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible spectral
region. This means it uses light in the visible and
adjacent (near-UV and near-infrared [NIR]) ranges.
Applications of UV visible
spectroscopy
 Qualitative analysis through spectrophotometric methods achieves fast and
accurate results using only small sample quantities. This fast and effect
instrumentation has become an essential tool in the pharmaceutical industry
thanks to its adaptability and economic value. Qualitative analysis has proven
highly useful in many major forms of organic compounds and helps to ensure
patient health and safety.
 Paracetamol or acetaminophen is a common over-the-
counter drug used in many pharmaceutical applications.
Quantitative analysis ensures that proper levels are used for
the intended drug applications.
 Image Source: Flickr user Michelle TribeOne of the most
common medications used around the world is Paracetamol.
 Paracetamol, or acetaminophen, is a common over-the-
counter medication and also found in many prescriptive
drugs.
 More commonly referred to Tylenol, this active pain relief
ingredient is generally safe to use when taken as directed.
However, acute overdose of Paracetamol can be potentially
fatal and its toxicity is the leading cause of liver failure in
most of the Western world.
 Qualitative analysis assures that the measurement process
of active ingredients is precise and free of impure
compounds.
 The results from these methods provide data that can be
used for quality control and consistency in product
formulation.
 Having precise and accurate results assures that proper
dosage and measurements are used for the intended
applications.
 The applications of quantitative analysis through spectroscopy allow for
pharmaceutical researchers toclearly identify and compare organic
compounds to ensure that the drug molecules are properly absorbed by
the body and distributed to the right places. From the identification of active
ingredients or protein analysis, each component of pharmaceutical research
depends on spectrophotometers to provide qualitative analysis and exact drug
formulations.
 Spectral analysis can provide a wide array of qualitative and bioanalytical tests.
This information ensures that the proper organic compound molecule are
released in the body at exactly the right rate.
Image Source: Flickr user e-Magine ArtUV Spectrophotometry and
Instrumentation
 UV Spectrophotometry is the best method available
for identification and comparison of organic compounds.
 The pharmaceutical industry relies on spectrophotometric
analysis for a variety of applications and choosing the right
instrumentation is essential for consistent and quality results.
 At HunterLab we specialize in the pharmaceutical research and
color measurement instrumentation that has been uniquely
developed to meet the needs of this industry.
 The team works together with leading research and laboratory
specialist to develop the best instrumentation for each unique
application.
 Our support staff is here to make the process of color
measurement and qualitative analysis both effective and easy.
Ease of use

 It provides the additional tasks that the biochemist

needs and uses the same easy-to-use graphical user
interface. Preprogrammed methods for protein and
nucleic acid analysis help you get up and running fast
Proteins and Nucleic acids

 Standard methods are provided for the qualitative and

quantitative analysis of nucleic acids and proteins:
 260/280 nm ratios (with optional reference at 320 nm)
for nucleic acid purity
 Warburg-Christian calculation of concentration of
nucleic acid or protein in mixtures
 Biuret, Lowry, Modified Lowry, Bradford, Bicinchoic
acid, and Trinitrobenzene sulfonate protein
quantification methods
Medical Physics
Definition :

Medical Physics is the application of physics principles to medicine or health

care. It's basically a way of using our physics knowledge to develop tools and
treatments that help humans live longer and be healthier.
There are many branches of medical physics. The main ones are diagnostic
radiology, or medical imaging, nuclear medicine and radiation oncology. But there
is a lot of overlap between these categories, as we'll see later
Physics can be found in a variety of other areas of medicine too. For example,
many types of ventilators wouldn't be possible without an understanding of fluid
pressure and pulse frequency so that the ventilation rate and amount of pressure
applied is appropriate. In fact, you could argue that any advanced or electronic
technology used in medicine wouldn't exist without the knowledge of the universe
gained through physics.
Let's go through the three branches of medical physics and look at some examples
of what kinds of things are involved.
 MRI scanners use the principles of magnetism to take
high quality images of the inside of the human body,
especially the brain. They basically work by monitoring
the nuclear spin and distribution of hydrogen molecules.
Since humans are about 70% water, we have plenty of
hydrogen molecules to observe.

 X-rays are a way of taking images of the skeletal

structure of the body.

 Ultrasound uses high frequency sound waves that

humans can tolerate, bouncing them off the inside of the
body to create images of soft tissues. These are most
notably used to create images of babies inside the womb.
 Nuclear medicine is a part of medicine that uses
radiation to both treat disease and provide imaging and
information about what's happening inside someone's
body.
 Radiation can be used to destroy cancer cells and treat
diseased organs.
 But there is some overlap between nuclear medicine and
diagnostic radiology because nuclear medicine can also be
used to diagnose.
 Radioactive tracers can be used to create images of body
systems, by having patients swallow or inject radioactive
sources and creating images of where they go.
 We can even create regular photographs of the inside of the
body using radiation through computerized axial
tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET)
scanners.
 Medical Physicists will contribute to maintaining and
improving the quality, safety and cost-effectiveness of
healthcare services through patient-oriented activities
requiring expert action, involvement or advice regarding the
specification, selection, acceptance testing, commissioning,
quality assurance/control and optimised clinical use of
medical devices and regarding patient risks and protection
from associated physical agents (e.g., x-rays, electromagnetic
fields, laser light, radionuclides) including the prevention of
unintended or accidental exposures.
 Hardware development for nuclear detection systems, real-
time control of a cyclotron, and high-power nuclear targets
 Image analysis schemes, and physiological modeling of
normal and disease tissues
 Professor of Radiology and Adjunct Professor of Physics, is
eligible to advise physics theses
 Students have opportunities to interact with a
multidisciplinary group of scientists including radiochemists,
engineers, physiologists, physicians and physicists
 Students learn how to operate the cyclotron and PET
imaging instruments and have complete access to the
machine shop, electronics laboratory and an extensive array of
computing resources
Dusty plasma, strongly-coupled plasma, optical diagnostics of
plasmas, waves, biomedical applications of plasma
Physics problems are interdisciplinary: condensed matter and
plasma physics; experiments involve direct comparisons to
theory
Experiments are performed in our labs. Data from
experiments on the International Space Station (ISS) are also
analyzed.
Two labs with plasma chambers and optical diagnostics
Students also interact with group members including a
research scientist and postdoc; other faculty and research
scientists; collaborators in other countries
 Radiotracer kinetics (how radioactive tracers are transported
in the body), image processing, and image reconstruction
 Professor of Radiology and Adjunct Professor of Physics, is
eligible to advise physics theses
 Nuclear Medicine facilities include four gamma camera
systems for single photon emission tomography (SPECT) where
radiotracers injected into patients are imaged to diagnose
disease
 Students interact with group members and the medical staff
in the division of Nuclear Medicine and the PET center
 Students develop skills with nuclear detection electronics,
medical image manipulation using IDL, and tomographic
image reconstruction
Radiation Detector Development for Positron Emission
Tomography Applications
Nuclear spectroscopy applications in medical physics
Image analysis algorithm development including
physiological modeling of radiopharmaceutical kinetics in
both human and animal models
Radiology and Adjunct Professor of Physics, is eligible to
advise physics theses
PET Facilities include a medical cyclotron, three hybrid
PET/CT scanners, one research PET scanner
Students have opportunities to interact with a
multidisciplinary group of scientists including radiochemists,
engineers, physiologists, physicians and physicists
Students learn how to operate the cyclotron and PET imaging
instruments and software for image processing and simulation