Patricia Benner

Novice-Expert Model
 Hello!
We are Isaac Aguillon
and Shailah Magallon,
presenting Patricia
Benner’s “Novice to
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Expert” Theory
 1.
INTRODUCTION

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 “
 Dr Patricia Benner introduced
the concept that expert nurses
develop skills and
understanding of patient care
over time through a sound
educational base as well as a
multitude of experiences.
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 Autobiography

Who is Patricia
Benner?
◆ RN, PhD, FAAN, FRCN
◆An internationally noted researcher
and lecturer on health, stress and
coping, skill acquisition and ethics.
◆Author of “From Novice to Expert”

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 LEVELS OF NURSING
1. NOVICE
EXPERIENCE
2. ADVANCED BEGINNER
3. COMPETENT
4. PROFICIENT
5. EXPERT
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 NOVICE
◆  Beginner with no experience 
◆ Taught general rules to help perform
tasks
◆ Rules are: context-free, independent of
specific cases, and applied universally 
◆ Rule-governed behavior is limited and
inflexible 
7 ◆ Ex. “Tell me what I need to do and I’ll do
 ADVANCED BEGINNER

Principle
Acceptable Gained
based
Perfromanc prior
experience
e experience
s

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 COMPETENT
◆ Typically a nurse with 2-3 years
experience on the job in the same
area or in similar day-to-day
situations 
◆ More aware of long-term goals 
◆ Gains perspective from planning
own actions based on conscious,
abstract, and analytical thinking and
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helps to achieve greater efficiency
 PROFICIENT

Perceive & Learn from

Holistic
understand experience,
Understandin
situations modify
g
as a whole plans

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 EXPERT

◆No longer relies ◆Much ◆Performance is

on principles, more now fluid,
rules, or background flexible, and
guidelines to of
◆Has intuitive highly-
connect experience
grasp of clinical proficient
situations and situations
determine
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 2.
APPLICATION

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 FOUR DOMAINS
OF
NURSING PARADIGM
1. CLIENT/PERSON
2. HEALTH
3. ENVIRONMENT/SITUATION
4. NURSING
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CLIENT/PERSON

“
The person is a self interpreting
being, that is the person does
not come into the world
predefined but gets defined in
the course of living a life.” - Dr.
Benner

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 HEALTH
◆ Dr. Benner focuses on the lived
experience of being healthy and
being ill. 
◆ Health is defined as what can be
assessed, whereas well being is the
human experience of health or
wholeness. 
◆ Well being and being ill are
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understood as distinct ways of being
 ENVIRONMENT/SITUATION
◆ Benner uses situation rather than
environment because situation
conveys a social environment with
social definition . 
◆ “To be situated implies that one has
a past, present, and future and that
all of these aspects… influence the
current situation.” - Dr. Benner
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NURSING

“
Nursing is described as a caring
relationship, an “enabling
condition of connection and
concern.”
-Dr. Benner

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 Let’s review some concepts

Novice Expert
Advanced
Beginner

Competen Proficient
t
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 Thank You!
Any questions?

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