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SYSTEMS
OVERVIEW OF PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION
NUMERICAL CONTROL MACHINES
CNC VS NC
WORKHOLDING REQUIREMENTS OF CNC
MACHINES
FIXTURE DESIGN OF CNC MACHINES
CALIBRATING FIXTURE POSITION
MODULAR FIXTURES
INTRODUCTION
All machine tools require a control system to control
the various operation in machining of a component
In conventional machine tools, the operator is the
control system.
But human control are very poor in efficiency,
accuracy and repeatability of the component in mass
production
This creates a requirement for a efficient and accurate
control systems.
NUMERICAL CONTROLLED MACHINES
NC machines are controlled using numerical data fed
through punched tape, cards and magnetic tape.
The electronic systems interpret these data and execute the
operation. This control is more reliable and accurate.
These data control various operations like
1. Feed rate
2. Depth of cut
3. Machine slide positions
4. Spindle speeds
5. Coolant flow rate
6. Sequence of machining
7. Tool change
CNC VS NC
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine
tools are more advanced and sophisticated
control systems.
The part program are fed using alphanumeric
characters and are interpreted in a computer,
which operated the machine.
It is more versatile and powerful than the NC
machines.
WORKHOLDING REQUIREMENTS OF
NC/CNC MACHINES
As opposed to traditional machining, the
requirement of jigs is completely eliminated in
NC machines as tool guidance is not required.
Fixtures should be universal as CNC machines
can perform various operations, the need for
specific fixtures for each operation is removed.
The fixture should be aligned with the machine
axes and calibrated with the control system to
ensure accurate positioning of the fixture.
Thus the tooling requirements of CNC is very
less compared to traditional machine tools
FIXTURE DESIGN FOR CNC
MACHINES
It
has to be designed to hold more than one size of
workpiece
After a job is done, fixture has to be rearranged to fit
variety of workpiece
Complicated shapes may require special fixtures
Common
Working Holding Devices : Strap Clamp &
Heel Blocks
Machine table with Tslots should have suitable stops to
locate the workpice
The
cutting forces can be significantly larger than
traditional machines, so suitable clamping is to be
provided, like powered mechanical, hydraulic and
pneumatic.
CALIBRATING THE FIXTURE
POSITION
The fixture position is calibrated using a set point
in the fixture.
It is located far from the positions of various
operations
The set point can be a precise machined hole or a
cylindrical plug with good surface finish
MODULAR FIXTURES
Since the strength of CNC machines lies in their
ability to provide design flexibility and perform
many operations in single loading; the fixture
must augment these abilities by being universal
and easily reconfigured.
Modular Fixtures achieve these targets with
ease, by providing a large number of possible
configurations for fixture design
Various type of standard fixtures that are used in
CNC machines include Subplate fixture,
Tombstone Fixture, Universal fixture.
REFERENCES
“Jigs and Fixtures” – P H Joshi
“Tool Design” – Cyril Donaldson, V C Goold,
George H LeCAIN