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LECT 3
INTRODUCTION
• The term ‘tall buildings’ is not defined in specific term related to height
or the number of storeys. A building is considered tall when its
structural analysis and design
are in some way affected by the lateral loads, particularly sway caused
by such loads.
Tenant’s usable
space area
Service core area
Circulation space
STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATION
• The structural system is an integrated system
of the arrangement of members of the
structure so that it can withstand several
types of loads such as below:-
– Live and Dead Load
– Wind Load
– Differential Temperature Load
– Vibration Load
– Impact Load
Designing for Live and Dead Loads
• The loads exerted on a building are generally vertical due to
dead and live gravity loads. The structure transfers the vertical
loads as well as the horizontal loads to the ground. The
building can be structurally divided into two parts :-
i. Superstructure.
This consists of the floors, walls and roof that are generally above ground
level. In addition to the loads of the superstructure, there are the loads of
equipment, machinery, M&E services and people inside the
superstructure that have to be transferred to the substructure.
ii. Substructure.
This consists of the foundations that lay below ground level. The
foundations may be piles, caissons, rafts, pads or even strips. The
materials used are generally reinforced concrete or concrete encased
steel members.
Superstructure
SUPERSTRUCTURE Walls
Frame cages
Suspension system
AERODYNAMIC METHOD
Structural Method