PARENTERAL SOLUTIONS

EXPT 17
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
• Are those preparation intended for administration by injection
through the skin
• Preparation, manipulation, handling and use are complex and
extremely critical
• Because parenteral administration by passes the natural barrier of the
skin or alimentary tract, these product have strict requirements not
encountered with dosage forms intended for other route of
administration
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
• Errors in preparing or administering
• Dispense product with microbiological contamination
• Error in dosage
• Giving the wrong drug
• A more complex knowledge of current standards and procedure for
handling parenteral product is essential for any pharmacist who is
preparing or supervising the preparation, handling and use of
parenteral product (ASHP, USP, FDA, reference book, PIC/S)
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
Use of Parenteral Product
• Offers one alternative when patient is unable to take medication by
mouth (unconscious,vomiting)
• Some drugs must be given parenterally because they are not
therapeutically active when taken orally because of inactivation in
GIT or first pass metabolism by the liver
• A drug must be injected because it requires direct delivery to an
organ, a lesion, a muscle or nerve.
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
DISADVANTAGES
• More difficult and costly to produce.
• Must conform to strict requirements for microbiological purity,
particulate matter and pyrogenicity
• Problems with dose or adverse effects may be difficult or impossible
to reverse
• Any introduction of pathogens into the product during production,
preparation, manipulation or handling or during administration to the
patient can have serious and even deadly consequence
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
Laminar Flow Hood
• These are workbenches that provide
an environment of specifically
filtered air that sweeps the work are
and provides an aseptic work area
• Horizontal LFH
• Vertical LFH
HEPA Filter- High Efficiency
Particulate Air
• 99.97% efficient
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
Clean Room- Buffer room, contains the LFH
used for aseptic processing of parenteral
product
Anteroom- Room adjacent to the clean room
Washing & gowning
Unpacking of cleanroom supply packages
Critical Surface- Surface that came into contact
with sterile product, container or closure
• Ex. Needle shaft, plunger of syringe
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
• FLOOR PLAN
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
Preparation of Sterile Products
Wipe down the
LAFW/LFH Wipe the side surface,
Turned ON at least 30
work surface from
• 70% Isopropyl alcohol and minutes before using.
sterile gauze (4x4’s) back and front

Take them to the LFH,

Using aseptic • drug product and the IV Assemble the supplies
technique, prepare solution should be
needed
the product: immediately available on
clean casts and shelves
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
REMINDERS:
• Horizontal LFH-be sure to work a
minimum of 6 inches inside front
edge of the hook

• Vertical LFH- be sure to work

behind the front shield and above
the area where the laminar air
stream split to enter the grills of
the front and back edge of the
work surface for the air to
recirculate
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
REMINDERS
1. Be careful not to let anything come between a critical surface and
the air coming from the HEPA filter
2. Be careful not to touch any critical surface such as the shaft or
other parts of the needle except its cap, or the syringe tip or any
part of the syringe plunger, except the lip used to move the plunger
3. Wipe the vials, ampoules and infection point with alcohol wipes
1. Swab the diaphragm of vial from back to front before entering with a
needle
2. Enter vial diaphragm with the needle, bevel up and use slight lateral
pressure so the needle tip and heel go in the same hole to prevent coring
the diaphragm
3. Vials are sealed system, so maintain equalized pressure. Volume of air or
liquid in equal volume of air or liquid withdrawn
PARENTERAL PRODUCTS
PARTS OF SYRINGE
PENICILLIN SYRINGE
Penicillin 150,000 units
Dispense in syringe
Sig. As Directed

• 1,000,000 units: 1mL:: 150,000 units: x

x=0.15mL
• Benzyl penicillin Na (Pen G Na) Reconstitute
• Introduce 0.15mL of air and extract 0.15mL of solution
• Benzyl penicillin Na (Pen G Na) - 1M unit (600mg)
• Sterile powder for aqueous injection
• (IM/IV)
• 1 dose/vial
• Acceptable diluents for reconstitution- SWFI, D5W,
Dextrose injection, 0.9%NaCl solution
PENICILLIN SYRINGE
Penicillin 150,000 units
Dispense in syringe
Sig. As Directed

Reminders:
• No bubbles, write the information at the label
Storage Condition:
• 1. Sterile reconstituted solution are stable when refrigerated for 1
hour
• 2. Solution diluted for IV infusion are stable at room temperature for
at least 24 hours
PENICILLIN SYRINGE
Penicillin 150,000 units
Dispense in syringe
Sig. As Directed

• IMU (1 million units)= 0.4mL powder volume + 0.6mL=1mL

• 200,000 units: 1mL = 150,000 units: x

• x=0.75mL of the reconstituted solution