THE CELL

ACTIVITY 1: Encircle the parts of the cell.

Mitochondria Nucleus Electron Cytoplasm

Golgi Body Proton Ribosome Cell wall

Aorta Lysosome Nephron

Endoplasmic Reticulum Femur Chloroplast

•WHAT TERMS DID YOU ENCIRCLE?

•DESCRIBE EACH TERM IN THE

WORD POOL.
 PARTS OF THE CELL
1. CELL MEMBRANE- also called PLASMA MEMBRANE,
function as the;
a. The boundary between the cell and its external
environment
b. As a structure that controls the movement of substances in
and out of the cell.
It is a semipermeable membrane which allows the entry of
some substances like water, oxygen and ions and prevents the
entry of others. Toxic or useless by-products of metabolism
can exit through it.
The cell membrane is described as a fluid-mosaic
model composed of two layers of fats with proteins and
carbohydrates scattered all over. The liquid layer is
called phospholipids.
The cell membrane allows the cell to change its shaped
when needed. The cell wall is an additional boundary
aside from the cell membrane, surrounding the cells of
plants, fungi, bacteria and other protozoans. It is made
up of cellulose which provides support and protection
from injury. Cellulose is a good source of fiber in our
diet.
2. CYTOPLASM- is found inside the cell membrane surrounding
the nucleus. It is made up of fluid like substance where
organelles are located. It is composed of water, salts,
proteins,fats, carbohydrates, and other chemicals.
Some organelles found in the cytoplasm and how they
function:
a. Mitochondria- is the powerhouse of the cell. It converts
food molecules into energy. The energy produced is
important for the vital activities of the cell, such as growth
and reproduction.
b. Ribosomes- are involved in the production of proteins, a
process called protein synthesis.
c. Endoplasmic Reticulum- are folded membranes that
divide the cell into compartments. They serve as
channels through which the materials are transported
in the cell.
d. Golgi Complex- serves as the packaging factories of
the cell.
e. Lysosomes- are spherical sacs that contain powerful
digestive enzymes. They destroy bacteria and other
micro organisms that invade the cell.
f. Plastids- are energy converters. They harvest solar
energy and produce food in the process of
photosynthesis.
g. Vacuoles- for the storage of food, enzymes, and
other materials needed by cell. Plant cells contain cell
sap.
h. Vesicles- carry substances in and out of the cell like
food particles.
i. Microtubules- provide support and movement to the
cell.
3. NUCLEUS- the nucleus controls all the activities
of the cell. It contains the deoxyribonucleic
nucleic acid (DNA) which contains the hereditary
materials of the organism transmitted from one
generation to another. During cell division, the
chromatids form structures called chromosomes.
The nucleus also contain ribonucleic acid (RNA)
and proteins. Within the nucleus is the nucleolus
which is the site of synthesis of ribosomal RNA.
 PLANT CELLS AND ANIMAL CELLS
Plant cells have cell wall, chloroplasts, and central
vacuole which are absent in an animal cells. Animal
cells have centrioles, cilia and lysosome.
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes are the two basic cell
types. Prokaryotic cells lack true nucleus while
eukaryotes possess a true nucleus- Examples are those
belonging to Kingdom Eubacteria and Erohaea.
Eukaryotes possess nuclear materials (DNA) and is
surrounded by a membrane.
 Carefully read the paragraph on Cell analogy
and answer the exercises below.
Cell City Analogy
In a faraway city called Light City, the main export and production product is the
steel widget. Everyone in the city has something to do with the steel widget to
making and the entire town is designed to build and export widgets. The city hall
has the instruction for widget making. Widgets come in all shapes and sizes and any
citizen of Light City can get the instructions and begin their own widgets. Widgets
are generally produced in small stores around the city. These small stores can be
built by the construction engineer’s union ( whose headquarters are in city hall).
After the widget is constructed, they are placed on special carts which can deliver
the widget anywhere in the city. In order for a widget to be exported, the carts take
the widget to the postal office, where the widgets are packaged and labeled for
export. Sometimes widgets don’t turn out right, and the rejects are turned to the
scrap yard altogether. The city powers the widget shops and carts from hydraulic
dam. The entire city is enclosed by a large wooden fence. Only the postal trucks
and citizens with proper documents are allowed inside the city.
Match the parts of the city (underlined) with the
parts of the cell.
1. Nucleus-
2. Nucleolus-
3. Mitochondria-
4. Cell membrane
5. Ribosomes-
6. Lysosomes
7. Protein-
8. Endoplasmic Reticulum-
9. Golgi Apparatus-