Simple Present

Rules
 To talk about facts
- I know that grammar rule.
 To talk about repeated actions (habits or routine)
- I always get up at 7 o’clock.
 Expressions of frequency
- I watch TV twice a week.
Simple Present
 Affirmative
I/You/We/They________know
He/She/It_________knows

 Negative
I/You/We/They________don’t know
He/She/It_________doesn’t know

 Questions
Do________I_____________know?
Do/don’t___You/We/They_____ know?
Does______He/She/It_____know?
Present Progressive
Rules
 Actions in progress at the time of speaking
- Look! It’s snowing!
 An action that has started, that is not finished and that will
continue
- We’re painting the flat at the moment.
 Temporary action or situation that is different from a person’s
normal habits
- She is working in Boston this week.
 Changes and trends (nowadays, these days..)
- More and more people are going abroad for work these
days.
 For something that always happens
- Tom is always asking questions.
Present Progressive
SUBJECT + TO BE + VERB + ING
 Affirmative
I_______________am/I’m_____eating
You/we/they_____are/ ’re_____eating
He/she/it________is/ ’s_______eating

 Negative
I_____________am not________eating
You/we/they___are not/ aren’t__eating
He/she/it______is not/isn’t_____eating

 Questions
Am__________I_____________eating
Are_________you/we/they____eating
Is___________he/she/it_______eating
Present Perfect
Rules
 Something that happened in the past, without saying when
it happened
- I have read that novel before.
 Situations or actions that started in the past and that has
continued up to the present (today, this month, this year,
since last year...)
- Tom has called me three times this week already.
 With ever, never, already, yet
- Have you ever been in Jamaica?
- I’ve never been in love before.
- They haven’t finished their game yet.
Present Perfect
SUBJECT + TO HAVE + VERB (PAST PARTICIPLE)
* IRREGULAR VERBS! WATCH OUT!*
 Affirmative
I/you/we/they __________have/ ‘ve_________played
He/she/it______________has______________played

 Negative
I/you/we/they________have not/ haven’t____played
He/she/it____________has not/hasn’t_______played

 Question
Have/haven’t________I/you/we/they________played
Has/Hasn’t _________he/she/it_____________played
Simple Past
Rules
 Completed actions or events in the past
- I went to La Ronde yesterday.
 Completed actions or events that continued for a long time
in the past
- My parents lived in Japan for three years
 Repeated events or habits in the past
- When I was young, I always walked to school.
 To tell a story in the past
- We left home early on Sunday morning and we drove
for hours.
Simple Past
*IRREGULAR VERBS! WATCH OUT!*
 Affirmative
I/you/he/she/it/we/they___________________walked

 Negative
I/you/he/she/it/we/they____did not/didn’t___walk

 Question
Did /didn’t____I/you/he/she/it/we/they___walk
Past Progressive
Rules
 Action in the past that was in progress when
something else happened (while,when)
- I was cooking when you called.
- People were walking around the park when
suddenly a car drove into the park.
 Arranged events that may or may not have taken place
- He was leaving the next morning for San
Francisco, so he couldn’t sleep over.
Past Progressive
*WATCH OUT! EXCEPTIONS FOR –ING*
 Affirmative
I/he/she/it________was________walking
You/we/they______were________walking

 Negative
I/he/she/it______was not/wasn’t_____walking
You/we/they____were not/weren’t____walking

 Question
Was/wasn’t_______I/he/she/it________walking
Were/weren’t____you/we/they________walking
Past Perfect
Rules
 Event that happened before another past event
- I didn’t have to wait in line because I had already
bought the tickets.
 Reported speech
- Person A. I have started the party.
Person B. She said she had started the party.
Past Perfect
 Affirmative
I/you/he/she/it/we/they________had/’d__________started

 Negative
I/you/he/she/it/we/they_____had not/hadn’t_____started

 Question
Had/hadn’t_______you/he/she/it/we/they_____started....?
Simple Future
Rules
 Will: When we expect something to happen, but we
are not in control of what could happen
- We won’t see those birds again next year.
 Be going to: We use it when we have decided to do
something
- I am going to play tennis tonight.
Simple Future
 Affirmative
I/you/he/she/it/we/they__________will/’ll____________go

 Negative
I/you/he/she/it/we/they_________will not/won’t______go

 Question
Will/won’t___________I/you/he/she/it/we/they_________go
Future Progressive
Rules (same for will and going to)
 To indicate that an action in the future will be interrupted
by another action.
- I will be cooking when Sam arrives tonight.
 To describe actions in a specific time
- Tonight at 6 o’clock, I will be swimming in the pool.
 Future actions that will happen simultaneously in the
future
- Tomorrow morning, I am going to be studying and
he is going to be making breakfast.
Future Progressive
 Affirmative
I/you/he/she/it/we/they_____will/’ll + be_____________(verb) + ing
I______________________am + going to +be___________(verb) + ing
You /we/they____________are + going to + be__________(verb) + ing
He/she/it_______________is + going to + be____________(verb) + ing

 Negative
I/you/he/she/it/we/they____will not/won’t + be_________(verb) + ing
I_____________________am not + going to + be_________(verb) + ing
You/we/they__________are not + going to + be__________(verb) + ing
He/she/it______________is not + going to + be___________(verb) + ing

 Question
Will_______I/you/he/she/it/we/they______be___________(verb) + ing
Am _______I__________________going to + be___________(verb) + ing
Are______you/we/they_________going to + be___________(verb) + ing
Is_______he/she/it____________going to + be____________(verb) + ing
Future Perfect
Rules (same for will and going to)
 Action in the future that will happen before another
one.
- By the time her husband gets home, she will
have cooked diner.
 Something that will continue up until a specific
moment in the future
- I will have been in Peru for 3 months next week.
- You are going to have perfected your English by
the end of the semester.
Future Perfect
 Affirmative
I/you/he/she/it/we/they_____ will + have_______________past participle
I____________________am + going to + have____________past participle
You/we/they__________are + going to + have____________past participle
He/she/it_____________is + going to + have_____________past participle

 Negative
I/you/he/she/it/we/they____will not/won’t + have________past participle
I________________am not + going to + have_____________past participle
You/we/they______are not + going to + have_____________past participle
He/she/it_________is not + going to + have______________past participle

 Question
Will/won’t_______I/you/he/she/it/we/they___have_______past participle
Am_____________I___________going to + have__________past participle
Are________you/we/they______going to + have_________past participle
Is__________he/she/it_________going to + have__________past participle
Present Perfect Progressive
Rules
 Duration from the past until now (for, since)
- I have been studying for the last 10 years.
 Something that happens lately or recently
- Mary has been feeling tired lately.
Present Perfect Progressive
 Affiramtion
I/we/they_____________have/ ‘ve + been______________(verb) + ing
He/she/it______________has/ ‘s + been________________(verb) + ing

 Negation
I/we/they___________have not/haven’t + been__________(verb) + ing
He/she/it____________has not/hasn’t + been___________(verb) + ing

 Question
Have_____________I/we/they__________been__________(verb) + ing
Has_____________he/she/it____________been__________(verb) + ing
Past Perfect Progressive
Rules
 For something that started in the past and continued
up until another past event
- They had been watching the movie for an hour
before she got there.
 In a cause and effect situation
- I was tired because I had been studying all night
Past Perfect Progressive
 Affiramtion
I/we/they_____________have/ ‘ve + been______________(verb) + ing
He/she/it______________has/ ‘s + been________________(verb) + ing

 Negation
I/we/they___________have not/haven’t + been__________(verb) + ing
He/she/it____________has not/hasn’t + been___________(verb) + ing

 Question
Have____________I/we/they________been_____________(verb) + ing
Has_____________he/she/it__________been____________(verb) + ing
Future Perfect Progressive
Rules
 Something that will continue up until a specific event
in the future
-They will have been learning for more than 3
months by the end of the semester.
 To show cause and effect
- Tom will be tired because he will have been
studying all night.
Future Perfect Progressive
 Affirmative
I/you/he/she/it/we/they_______will/’ll_____ have+been_______(verb) + ing
I_________________am_____going to______have+been________(verb) + ing
You/we/they_______are_____going to_____have + been________(verb) + ing
He/she/it__________is_____going to______have + been________(verb) + ing

 Negative
I/you/he/she/it/we/they___will not/won’t____have + been_____(verb) + ing
I_______________am_______going to______have + been_______(verb) + ing
You/we/they____are_______going to______have + been________(verb) + ing
He/she/it_______is________going to_______have + been_______(verb) + ing

 Question
Will/won’t_____I/you/he/she/it/we/they____have + been______(verb) + ing
Am____________I_________going to______have + been________(verb) + ing
Are______you/we/they_____going to______have + been________(verb) + ing
Is________he/she/it_______going to______have + been_________(verb) + ing