Hi!

I’m Gizmo ^_^

I have here a magical
book that will bring us
back in time.
But, we have a problem.
The book has been
locked. To unlocked the
book, we have to face
two challenges to have
the key.
Raise Your
Flag!
 Direction:

Each group will choose one

representative to raise the flag. The one who
raised their flag first will have the chance to
answer the question, if in case the group got
the wrong answer the other group will be
given the chance to answer the question.
 Cry of
Balintawak
What is the defining moment
of the Cry according to the
historian Teodoro Agoncillo?

It emphasized Bonifacio’s tearing of

the cedula (tax receipt) before a crowd of
Katipuneros who then broke out in cheers.
What point backtracked by
Valenzuela about Rizal’s
involvement on the Revolution?
Valenzuela testified that when the
Katipunan consulted Jose Rizal on whether
the time had come to revolt, Rizal was
vehemently against the revolution. Later, in
Agoncillo’s Revolt of the masses, Valenzuela
retracted and claimed that Rizal was
actually for the uprising, if certain
prerequisites were met. Agoncillo reasoned
that Valenzuela had lied to save Rizal.
How Valenzuela’s account
differ from Masangkay?

The later accounts of Pio

Valenzuela and Guillermo
Masangkay on the tearing of
cedulas on 23 August are basically
in agreement, but conflict with
each other on the location.
In 1935, what did Valenzuela,
Pantas and Pacheco proclaimed?

They proclaimed that the first

cry of the revolution did not happen
in Balintawak but in a place called
Pugad Lawin
Why do you think the controversy
about the “Cry of Pugad Lawin”
still continues to the present day?

It continues until the present

for the reason that it cannot be
accepted as historically accurate
because it lacks positive
documentation and supporting
evidence from the witness.
CONGRATULATIONS!
“Fill Me”
TIMER
CONGRATULATIONS!
You got the key!
OTHER HISTORICAL
CONTROVERSIES
OTHER HISTORICAL CONTROVERSIES

• The Bud Dajo Event: Battle or a Massacre?

• The Trial and Death of Bonifacio

• Emilio Aguinaldo: Hero or Traitor?

• Apolinario Mabini’s Syphilis Rumors

• The Jabidah Massacre

 GROUPINGS
GROUP 1 Red (The Bud Dajo Event: Battle or Massacre)

Group 2 Yellow (The Trial and Death of Andres Bonifacio)

Group 3 Blue (Emilio Aguinaldo: Hero or Gangster)

Apolinario Mabini’s Syphilis

Rumors

Group 5 Pink (The Jabidah Massacre)

 10 Rules
1. Don’t be Noisy
2. Raise your hand if you want to
speak / answer.
3. Pay Attention to the group
presentation
4. Participate actively
5. Respect each other
6. Collaborate with your group
7. Finish work on time.
8. Turn off your gadgets
9. Don’t Drag the Chairs
10. Keep the classroom tidy
The Bud Dajo Event

https://goo.gl/7VMJPc
 The Bud Dajo
https://goo.gl/F37EBq

The word Bud means

mountain in the
Tausug language

Dajo refers to a
species of local tree.
Bud Dajo

-volcano on the island of Jolo in the Sulu,

Philippines.
-the blood-soaked ground
Treaty of Paris
It was in December 1898 when the US
signed a treaty with Spain, acquiring the
Philippines for $20 million. Because the
Filipinos refused the takeout and they waged
a war.
• The Moro Province was staffed by
US Army officers

• US believed the Moro Province was

backward and need to be civilized
and educated on democracy.
 Jolo Tribes

-Jolo tribes refused to recognize the US as the ruler of the

country
Major General Leonard Wood
The Americans capitalized on the tribal divisions of the
Moro Province and subdued them that way. Except those
in Jolo. Despite three years of persuasion by Woods
• In 1906 the Americans were going to
invade the Jolo
• the Jolo people fled to the 15-acre
wooded crater of Bud Dajo, an extinct
volcano.
• On March 5, 1906, Woods ordered his
officers to gather 800 of his men and
sailors from the gunboat Pampanga, led
by Colonel Duncan, to Jolo.
Tausug Warriors; Defenders of Bud Dajo

-armed with kris, barongs, and spears

https://history.phrepublic.com/2018/07/the-legend-and-courage-of-tausug.html
 The 1st Battle of Bud Dajo, in 1906,
began as true fight but ended badly in
the controversial massacre of
hundreds of innocent women and
children.

https://goo.gl/jRvG58
•700 to 850 Tausugs were killed
in the 1st Battle of Bud Dajo.
• two-thirds were women and
children,
• Only seven were captured, three
women and four children.
• Eighteen men escaped from the
mountain

Source: https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/96464
The number present on the
American:
• 800 officers and men of the US
Army, Moro Constabulary, US
Navy
• 350-400 participated in the actual
combat
• Their casualties totaled 21 killed
and 73 wounded.
Source: https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/96464
After the attacked
• The “victory” that was earlier
celebrated in the US was
immediately tainted with shame
after the US Congress realized there
were women and children among
the dead.
https://goo.gl/3odZtc
Trial and Death
of Andres
Bonifacio
During the Spanish colonization
many Katipuneros revolted and
these Katipuneros are headed
under one leader.

March 2, 1897 where the

Katiuneros chose Emilio Aguinaldo
as their president and not
Bonifacio.
Katipunan was divided into
two groups
•Magdalo led by Aguinaldo
•Magdiwang by Bonifacio.

Through this division it

resulted in the Battle of
Limbon.
In April 1897, Aguinaldo ordered
the arrest of Bonifacio
After Aguinaldo received a letter
alleging that Bonifacio had
burned down a village and
ordered the burning of the
church of Indang after
townspeople refused to give him
provisions.
Severino de las Alas, presented
to Emilio Aguinaldo several
complaints against Bonifacio that
the Supremo’s men stole carabaos
and other work animals by force
and killed them for food.
On April 25, a party of
Aguinaldo's men led by Col.
Agapito Bonzón and Major José
Ignacio "Intsik" Paua caught up
with Bonifacio at his camp in
barrio Limbon, Indang.
Early the next day, Bonzón and
Paua attacked Bonifacio's camp.
Bonifacio was surprised and
refused to fight against "fellow
Tagalogs", ordering his men to
hold their fire, but shots were
nevertheless exchanged.
 Bonifacio was shot in the arm
by Bonzón and Paua stabbed
him in the neck but was
prevented from striking further
by one of Bonifacio's men, who
offered to be killed instead.
Andrés's brother Ciriaco was
shot dead, while his other
brother Procopio was beaten,
and his wife Gregoria could have
been raped by Bonzón.
From Indang, a half-starved and
wounded Bonifacio was carried by
hammock to Naic, which had
become President Aguinaldo’s
headquarters.

The Bonifacio brothers were

found guilty despite insufficient
evidence and recommended to be
executed.
Aguinaldo commuted the sentence
to deportation on May 8, 1897
but Pío del Pilar and Mariano
Noriel persuaded him to withdraw
the order for the sake of preserving
unity. In this they were seconded by
Mamerto Natividád and other bona
fide supporters of Aguinaldo.
The Bonifacio brothers were
executed on May 10, 1897 in the Mt.
Buntis, Maragondon.

Bonifacio's close associates like

Emilio Jacinto and Macario Sakay
continued the Katipunan and never
recognized Aguinaldo's authority.
 EMILIO
AGUINALDO:

HERO or TRAITOR?
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy
A Filipino revolutionary,
politician, and military
leader

He was recognized as

the first youngest
president to take office
at age 28 of the First
Republic Philippines
He signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato,
creating a truce between the Spanish
and Philippine revolutionaries and was
known as the President of the
Revolutionary Government.

During the Spanish-American War,

Filipino rebels led by Emilio
Aguinaldo proclaim the independence
of the Philippines after 300 years of
Spanish rule https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/philippine-independence-declared
Philippine Independence

The Philippine Declaration of

Independence was proclaimed
on June 12, 1898 in Kawit,
Cavite, Philippines.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Declaration_of_Independence
Philippine presidential election,
1935

In September 11, 1935, Aguinaldo ran

for president of the Philippine
Commonwealth against Manuel Quezon
and Bishop Gregorio Aglipay of the
Philippine Independent Church.
Aguinaldo lost miserably to Quezon
with Aglipay as a poor third.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_presidential_election,_1935
He raised the issue up to the
United States, and his supporters in
Cavite plotted not only a rally to
disrupt the inauguration in
November, but also launching an
assassination attempt against the
winners, yet to no avail.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_presidential_election,_1935
Assassination of General Luna

The film “Heneral Luna” heavily

implied that Aguinaldo ordered the
killing of the general.
Transportation Secretary Joseph
Emilio “Jun” Aguinaldo Abaya,
vehemently denies his great
grandfather’s participation in the
crime.
Source: https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/80476
In a newspaper clipping on June
14, 1898 blaming Aguinaldo for the
murder.
Aguinaldo formed an investigative
commission, but instead of running
after Luna’s killers
The commission declared the
killers, including Aguinaldo,
innocent of the crime.

Source: https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/80476
In the book “Revolt of the
Masses,” verified as authentic
by Teodoro Agoncillo.

Aguinaldo stated that he

ordered the execution of the
Bonifacio brothers.

Source: https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/80476
After the Japanese invasion of
the Philippines in 1941,
He became known as the First
Filipino Quisling/traitor.
During the Japanese
occupation, he cooperated with
the new rulers.

Source: https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/80476
In a radio announcement, he
appealed for the surrender of the
American and Filipino forces on
Bataan. His claim for collaboration
with the Japanese was to end the
suffering and deaths of his
countrymen. He was arrested but was
later freed in a general amnesty.

Source: https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/80476
The Apolinario
Mabini’s
Syphilis Rumors
Polio and eventual paralysis

Mabini was struck by

Polio in 1895, and the
disease gradually
incapacitated him until
January 1896, when he
finally lost the use of
both his legs.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolinario_Mabini#Polio_and_eventual_
paralysis
Cause of Mabini’s
paralysis
His remains were exhumed in the
eighties and examined by a doctor
from the Philippine Orthopedic
Hospital.
The cause of Mabini’s paraplegia, the
doctor concluded, was poliomyelitis.

https://www.batangashistory.date/2018/03/mabini.html
Why Syphilis Rumors were
circulated?

Because his personal life and morality

were difficult to attack, Mabini's
enemies resorted to a whispering
campaign to slander him. Jealous of his
immense power, they started a rumor
that his paralysis was due to syphilis.

https://www.batangashistory.date/2018/03/mabini.html
Death
Not long after his return, Mabini
died of cholera in Manila on May
13, 1903 at the age of 38

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolinario_Mabini#Death
Jabidah
Massacre
Jabidah Massacre
The Jabidah massacre was the
killing of Moro soldiers by members
of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines (AFP) on 18 March 1968.
It is also known as the
Corregidor massacre as the killing
took place on Corregidor Island in
the Philippines.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabidah_massacre
 The north-eastern part of Sabah had been under
the rule of the Sulu Sultanate since it was given to them
by the Sultanate of Brunei in 1658 for the Sulu
Sultanate's help in settling a civil war in Brunei before
being "ceded“ to the British in 1878.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabidah_massacre
During the process of
decolonization by the British
after World War II from 1946,
Sabah was integrated as part of
the Malaysian Federation in
1963 under the Malaysia
Agreement.
The Philippine government
however protested this, claiming
the eastern part of Sabah
had never been sold to foreign
interests, and that it had only been
"leased" (padjak) by the Sulu
Sultanate, and therefore remained
the property of the Sultan, and by
extension, the teritory of Republic of
the Philippines.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabidah_massacre
Operation Merdeka

In 1962, President Diosdado

Macapagal renewed the Philippines'
1922 claim over Sabah although the
territory has been incorporated into
Malaysia.
Operation Merdeka is a follow-up to this
claim.

The plan was for trained commandos to

infiltrate Sabah and destabilise the state
by sabotage which would then legitimise
the Philippines' military intervention in
the territory and claiming the state which
many Filipinos felt was rightfully theirs.
In 1967, President Ferdinand Marcos
secretly authorized Major Eduardo
"Abdul Latif" Martelino,
to take charge of the operations of a
secret commando unit code-named
"Jabidah" and embark on an
operation called "Project Merdeka”
The first phase
The first phase of the operation
saw Martelino, with an advanced
party of some 17 agents entering
Sabah three times to conduct
reconnaissance and psychological
warfare.

Second phase
the massacre took place.
After 180 young Tausugs from Sulu
received basic training
they were transported to a remote
section of Corregidor Island at the
mouth of Manila Bay
they were further trained in guerrilla
operations and jungle warfare.
The real purpose of the formation
of Jabidah was never publicized
therefore leading to wide
speculations and controversies
regarding this top secret military
plan.
 Author Cesar Adib Majul said
that the state, at that point in time,
had suppressed the affair in the
interest of national unity.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabidah_massacre
The massacre
states that it was caused by a
mutiny of the recruits, who were
angered by the delay in receiving
their allowance
The poor living conditions and
miserable rations for three months
led to general discontent among the
Muslim trainees who then
demanded to be returned home
 The recruits were disarmed, some
were returned home and some
were transferred to a regular
military camp in Luzon
 March 18 one of the two batches
of recruits who were supposed to
be released were killed by army
troops.
A lone survivor, Jibin Arula,
managed to escape the mayhem
with a single gunshot wound to his
leg.
He gave an account about the
atrocity but scholars have opined
that the media attention given
Arula may have, to some extent,
distorted his accounts.
The actual events remain
unclear as documents were
allegedly destroyed by Major
Martellino.
Arula died in a traffic accident
in Trece Martires, Cavite,
sometime in August or
September 2010.
These Jabidah trainees were
informed beforehand that they
were joining the AFP to fight
"communists", but subsequently
learned the true nature of their
mission during the latter part of
their training.
massacre was due to the mutiny of
the Muslim trainees who denied
orders to infiltrate Sabah because
they felt that the sabotage against
Sabah was unjustified and that they
also felt connected with fellow
Muslims in Sabah.
The trainees were killed upon
learning the truth to ensure that
the information was not leaked.

The official narrative denied that

the reason for training the recruits
were for infiltration in Sabah and
that the massacre as stated in the
Manila Bulletin.
the government-controlled leading
print media, occurred because the
trainees could not endure hardship
during the training.

With the lack of substantial evidence, it

proved difficult to convict the officers
involved in the massacre and thus they
were acquitted, which further angered
the Muslims.
Aftermath
The opposition senator Benigno
Aquino, Jr. exposed that Jabidah was a
plan by President Ferdinand Marcos to
ensure his continuity of power.
The incident was used by members of
the opposition to criticise Marcos'
administration and this was largely
covered by the press which caught the
government off-guard.
This event is the reason why MNLF
was formed and continues armed
struggle in Southern Philippines
until today.
Let’s
Practice!
Assignment:
Direction: Watch the movie El Presidente on
YouTube for you to know more about the life
of Emilio Aguinaldo.
https://youtu.be/e9jUe4qc8w0
1. What did the old woman told Emilio Aguinaldo about
his future?
2. How did he became the president of the first republic?
Thank you for
joining me ^_^