What is a Database?

A Database is a collection of related data organized in a way that data can be easily
accessed, managed and updated

What is DBMS?
A DBMS is a software that allows creation, definition and manipulation of database,
allowing users to store, process and analyze data easily.

RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management Systems..

It is called Relational Data Base Management System (RDBMS) because it is based on
relational model introduced by E.F. Codd.

The RDBMS database uses tables to store data. A table is a collection of related data
entries and contains rows and columns to store data.

•MySql
•Oracle
•SQL Server
•IBM DB2
•PostgreSQL
•Amazon SimpleDB (cloud based) etc
Characteristics of Relational Database Management System

•Data stored into Tables

•Reduced Redundancy
•Data Consistency
•Support Multiple user and Concurrent Access
•Query Language
•Security
•supports transactions,
Advantages of DBMS
•Segregation of applicaion program.
•Minimal data duplicacy or data redundancy.
•Easy retrieval of data using the Query Language.
•Reduced development time and maintainance need.
SQL stands for Structured Query Language. SQL lets you access and manipulate
databases.

SQLbecame a standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986, and
of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1987.

Advantages of SQL
•High speed. Using the SQL queries, the user can quickly and efficiently retrieve a
large amount of records from a database.

•No coding needed. In the standard SQL, it is very easy to manage the database
system. ...

•Well defined standards. ...

•Portability. ...

•Interactive language. ...

•Multiple data view.

SQL Server commands are grouped in these four main logical groups, and they are:
•Data Manipulation Language (DML)
•Data Definition Language (DDL)
•Data Control Language (DCL)
•Transaction Control Language (TCL)

Data Definition Language – DDL

DDL commands we use for definition and creation objects in database (Table, Procedure,
Views...). These commands are mainly used for design and definition the structure of our
database.

DDL commands are:

CREATE - we can create a new table, database, procedure, view, trigger...
ALTER - usually we use for editing database objects (table, procedure, view...) for example,
add or delete column from table
DROP - we use for deleting database objects

Rename- is used to rename an object existing in database.

Data Manipulation Language - DML

DML commands are mainly used for manipulation with the records in our table

DML commands are:

SELECT - select/read records from table in our database,

INSERT - we can insert new records in our table,

UPDATE - edit/update existing records,

DELETE - delete existing records in our table

Data Control Language - DCL

DCL commands are used for access control and permission management for users
in our database.

DCL commands are:

GRANT - we can give certain permissions on the table

DENY - bans certain permissions from users.

REVOKE - with this command we can take back permission from users.
Transaction Control Language - TCL

With TCL commands we can mange and control T-SQL transactions so we can be sure
that our transaction is successfully done and that integrity of our database is not
violated.

TCL commands are:

BEGIN TRAN - begin of transaction

COMMIT TRAN - commit for completed transaction

ROLLBACK - go back to beginning if something was not right in transaction.