 Etymologically, value comes from the Latin word

“valere”, which means to be strong, to be worth.

 Those standards by which a group of society
judges the desirability and importance of
persons, ideas, actions, and objects(Maciones,
1997 as cited by San Juan.et.al., 2007.
 They are the shared conceptions of or beliefs in
what are considered desirable or
undesirable(Popenoe, 1974 as cited by San Juan
et.al., 2007)
 Things that are deserving of one’ best efforts.
 You have been given a check for 10,000.00
to do whatever you like with it. What would
you do with it?
 Share with the class what you would do with it.

Conclusion:
 What you spend the money on has everything
to do with what you value
Activity #2

 What you choose to do with your time also

has everything to do with what you value.
 List 10 things that you value the most in
order of importance.
 Remember
◦ Values involve a process that include different
aspects.
◦ Valuing processes:
 Choosing
 Affirming/ Prizing
 Acting
 Choosing
1.Value is chosen free.
2. It is chosen among alternatives and with consideration
of the consequences or choice.
 Affirming/prizing
3. There is celebration; the person is happy for his choice.
4. There is public affirmation of the choice.
 Acting
5. The value must be acted upon.
6. Acting must be repeatedly done in some fashion to a
variety of similar experiences.
7. Value should enhance and not impede the development
of the emotional and spiritual well – being.
 Values give purpose and direction to the lives
of people.
 Values give meaning and significance to life
and the totality of society.
 Values define what are important to people,
what are worth living for and, if need be,
what are worth dying for.
 Values affect our goals, decisions and
behavior.
 If values are clear and consistent and well –
chosen, people tend to live in a meaningful
and satisfying way. If a society lacks values or
are in conflict, life would be confusing and
frustrating.
 our homes  culture
 school  employers
 society  time-period in which
you were raised (70’s
 friends
anti-establishment,
 TV peace, individuality.
 church 80’s money, prestige,
 music don’t get caught, etc.
 books 90’s earth, green
 families peace, health and
fitness), etc.
1. The “Inner Man” Theory of Values

According to William James, all our

obligations, all of what we call good and
bad, do not exist as good or bad per se.
They are OUR constructions and are for
each of us but a product of each individual’s
wants, needs and desires.
2. The “Outer Man” or Behavioral Theory of
Values

According to B. F Skinner, values come from

our personal experience.

- values are created by a never ending – ending series

of combination of behavioral reinforcements and
extinctions.
3. The Labeling Theory or Cultural Relativism
Theory of values

It is the society which labels things, ideas,

events, and behavior as good or bad. Since,
people of different societies differ in their
beliefs, life situations, and experiences, they
have different norms and standards as basis
for what is valuable.
1. Economic – objects with material value
example: money, car, house
2. Behavioral – internalized guides to behavior
example: studying hard
3. Social – arise from interpersonal relations
example: thou shall love your neighbor..
4. Non-social or self – concern
example: taking a bath everyday; friendly
disposition
5. Moral and spiritual
example: godly virtues
 They may be attributed into many influences.
 Oriental and occidental in orientation
◦ These can be from its ancestors or influenced fro its
colonizers.
 Some values are bipolar, meaning it can be
positive or negative.
 These are seen in our personality traits
 Bahala na – the fatalistic resignation which
represents withdrawal from engagement or
crisis or a shirking from personal
responsibility. It involves dependence and
deep abiding faith in God who will take care
of everything.

 When helpless, we tend not to act to solve

our problems. We usually don’t plan ahead,
or plan for contingencies. Instead of covering
all our bases, we simply let the fates dictate
what will happen.
 Faith in God - We may have different religions
in different sectors of our country, but what
is consistent is that we all have one strong
form of faith.

 Fatalism – the mental attitude of submission

to the inevitability of the power of fate or the
acceptance of one’s fate with stoicsism.
◦ Shown in the phrases such as Itinalaga ng Diyos,
Iginuhit ng tadhana
 Utang na loob – “a debt of gratitude” . The
Filipino feels obligated to return a favor or
help given to him.

 Amor propio – the feeling of high self –

esteem and is shown in the sensitivity of a
person to hurt feelings and insults, real or
imagined.
◦ Manifested in hiya, utang na loob, and balat sibuyas
 Use of Euphemism – circumlocutory remarks
to avoid frankness
◦ When we use expressions kuwan, marahil, tila nga
siguro
 Pakikisama - good public relations or
avoidance of conflict with others.
 Tungkulin ng panganay sa pamilya – the
responsibility of the eldest child in the family
to act and feel like the parents. (Chinese in
origin)
◦ The eldest son or daughter may postpone his or
her marriage to fill up the role of his or her parents
for his or her younger siblings
 Paggalang – respect towards elders and
superiors. (Chinese and Malay)
 Pagkatitulado – the Filipino looks up to
people with high education. (mixed in origin)
 Use of intermediary or go – between- the use
of a third party to intercede on one’s behalf
in order to gain favor or avoid a direct quarrel
 Hiya or shame – the painful emotion of being
disgraced or losing one’s face
 Filipino time – an aphorism to indicate the
Filipino attitude on always being late at an
appointed time or place.
 Ningas cogon – the tendency to be full of
energy and enthusiastic at the beginning of
an endeavor but such enthusiasm ebbs down
as the work progresses
 Maňana habit – refers to procrastination, the
disposition of shelving off responsibility to
another day, the tendency to escape from
duty and obligations as much as possible.
 Colonial mentality – the mental attitude of
preferring imported goods or ideas over
locally made ones
 Crab mentality – the mental attitude of
putting down other people to prevent them
from reaching the top or attaining success
 Pagkamatiisin – the mental attitude of patient
and silent suffering during times of crisis and
hardship
 Close family ties - We enjoy the feeling of
having and knowing family members around
us. From cousins, aunts, uncles and
grandparents, some families share their
homes, celebrate holidays and lend a hand to
relatives when it is needed.
 Hospitality - When we have people visit our
homes, we always welcome them with smiles,
conversation and food.
 Obedient and dutiful - In our culture, we
always respect and follow what our parents
and adults advise us to do. Not talking back,
and trusting the adults around us has always
been a part of who we are.
 Loyalty to a friend - to the Filipino,
friendship is sacred and implies mutual help
under circumstances. A friend is considered a
member of the family.
 Regionalistic – the extension of close family
ties. He does not think of national boundaries
but regional oneness.
◦ For him, the person known to him no matter how
bad is better than the one who is unknown to him
 The tendency to be indolent - in the concept
of an outsider, it is the attitude of the Filipino
to be slow in terms of work or change.
 Helpful - It is expected that we help out in
the house and offer help to siblings, friends
and relatives when we can. We have the
“bayanihan” spirit in us and it is why in times
of calamities or disaster, Filipinos are mostly
helpful to one another.
 Palabra de honor - pagtupad sa sinabi or
pangako or keeping one’s word
 It depends on the extent of how we apply it in
our daily lives
 It has negative and positive effects or aspects
as it is shown in our lives(family, work,
school, relationships
 How do you value your values? How do you
show it? How do you stand for it?
 Is there a need for a re- orientation of values?
Why?
◦ How do your relate this with yourself as a Filipino
and your profession/ field?
1. List at least 7 TV programs. Analyze and
comment on the values that they promote. What
positive and negative values do they promote?
Explain how each of the values presented can
affect the audience.(10 points each)
2. Identify the positive and negative implications of
Filipino value orientations on national
development goals.(10 points)
3. Analyze the contemporary values of the Filipino
youth today. What are its positive and negative
implications?(10 points)
 Please indicate the following in your assignment
◦ Names of your groups members(3)
◦ Your section/time/day of schedule
◦ Date
◦ Sources (APA format)as you write your explanations and at the end
of your assignment
◦ At least one picture each (for question #1)
 It must be encoded in a maximum of 3 pages(short bond
paper)
 Copy and answer the questions given.
 Late papers will no longer be accepted(the deadline will be
on the first day of classes, right after the christmas break.
January 4 for the MTH class and 5 for the TF class, 2016).
 People who do not have groups because they were not
around at the time the instructions were given will have to
do the work on their own.
 Please follow what has been instructed to you.(10 points)
 All in all, this assignment is equivalent to 100 points.
Level of Achievement General Presentation Reasoning, Argumentation
Exemplary (10 pts) 1. Provides a clear and thorough introduction and 1. Demonstrates an accurate and complete
background understanding of the question
2. Addresses the question 2. Uses several arguments and backs arguments with
3. Addresses the question examples, data that support the conclusion
4. Presents arguments in a logical order
5. Uses acceptable style and grammar (no errors)

Quality (8 pts) 1. Combination of above traits, but less consistently 1. Uses only one argument and example that
represented (1-2 errors) supports conclusion
2. Same as above but less thorough, still accurate

Adequate (6 pts) 1. Does not address the question explicitly, though 1. Demonstrates minimal understanding of question,
does so tangentially still accurate
2. States a somewhat relevant argument 2. Uses a small subset of possible ideas for support
3. Presents some arguments in a logical order of the argument.
4. Uses adequate style and grammar (more than 2
errors)

Needs improvement (4 pts) 1. Does not address the question 1. Does not demonstrate understanding of the
2. States no relevant arguments question, inaccurate
3. Is not clearly or logically organized 2. Does not provide evidence to support response to
4. Fails to use acceptable style and grammar the question

No Answer (0 pts)
 San Juan, Wilfredo R. et.al.Sociology, Culture,
and Family Planning(A Conceptual,
Experiential, and Interactive Approach).Pasig
City. Unlad Publishing House, 2007
 Agoncillo, Tedoro. History of the Filipino
People. Philippines. Papi Publishers
Association of the Philippines. 1990.
 www. Google.com