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FEEE
Ensuring Enhanced Education
Table of Contents
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AS 60849
Australian National Standards for Emergency voice Evacuation System Equipment
BS EN 60849
British National Standard for Emergency Voice Evacuation System
IEC 60849
International Electrical Community Standards for Emergency Voice Evacuation System
Equipment.
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Safety and Evacuation Standards
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PA System’s Standards in Viet Nam & IEC
TCVN 6697-1 : 2000 -WITH AMENDMENT 1 AND AMENDMENT 2 : 1988
IEC 60268 -1
Sound system equipment - Part 1: General
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5 steps of PA System
FEEE
Ensuring Enhanced Education
#5 Design Steps of a PA System
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5 steps of PA System
FEEE
Ensuring Enhanced Education
#5 Design Steps of a PA System
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Input Source Selection
Emergency Microphone:
Used during emergencies to
conduct evacuation. This
microphone is usually placed
in the Fire Command Center
for easy access to the Fire
Department authorities
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#5 Design Steps of a PA System
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Input Source Selection
Paging Stations
Messaging equipment:
• Used to broadcast pre-recorded
messages in a system.
• The pre-recorded messages can
be controlled using a Program
Timer where messages are
triggered to play at a specific
time or intervals. Some
messaging equipment can also
be used as a background music
player
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#5 Design Steps of a PA System
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Input Source Selection
Background Music
Players: Equipment used
to provide background music
to a building. Cassette Deck
Player, CD Player or
AM/FM Tuner are typical
examples of background
music players
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#5 Design Steps of a PA System
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Zone Allocation & Loudspeaker Selection
Room Construction
Ambient or Environmental Noise Level
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#5 Design Steps of a PA System
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Signal Management Selection
There are 4 classes of sound with each sound class consist of 4 main
components, namely; Loudness, Sound Coverage, Speech Intelligibility
and Frequency Response.
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#5 Design Steps of a PA System
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Classification of Sound
Class A Sound
Class A Sound provides music and speech reproduction of the highest
quality, usually utilizing subwoofers and high quality tweeters to
ensure crisp clear sound with a full enveloping bass response. Class A
sound applications: hotel main lobby, music halls, bars, restaurants,
café.
Class B Sound
Class B sound configuration is still able to re-produce an acceptable
quality of background music, usually deployed in hotel corridors,
shopping malls and transportation hubs
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#5 Design Steps of a PA System
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Classification of Sound
Class C Sound
Providing adequate coverage with speech clarity and sound pressure
level appropriate for acceptable background music reproduction and
clear announcements during emergencies, usually deployed at areas
along the path of human traffic such as stairwells, corridors,
washrooms and offices.
Class D Sound
Class D sound are suitable for areas where announcements are priority.
Not suitable for music reproduction. Emphasis is instead placed on
delivering a life saving announcement with sufficient speech clarity,
intelligibility and loudness to areas with high ambient noise.
Placements of the loudspeakers minimally cover work areas such as
back-of-house areas, mechanical rooms and workshop.
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#5 Design Steps of a PA System
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Advantages
- Ease of operation for small to medium scale projects.
- Cost effective.
Limitations
- Limited simultaneous broadcast capability
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Advancement in the PA System Industry
feee.hcmute.edu.vn Analogue and Digital Systems via Copper Cable Transmission
Digital Systems
-Similar to analogue systems, digital systems are connected via
copper cables as well, however all the audio signals are
converted into the digital domain for signal management. The
diagram below depicts a Design Level 4 digital system.
TCP/IP Protocol
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Digital Systems via Network Audio Transmission
Advantages
- Cost effective solution for applications spread over a wide
area.
- Multiple audio broadcast solution
- Flexible for re-configuring
- Ease of monitoring online
Disadvantage
- Does not comply with any building safety regulations
- System integrity greatly depends on the LAN and the IT
Server that it is connected to
- Subjected to lag and network latency due to heavy network
traffic, which may not be tolerable during emergencies
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Digital Systems via Network Audio Transmission
Proprietary Networks
Advantages
- Multiple non-emergency audio broadcast solution for
decentralized solutions (ie: Audio Visual projects).
- Flexible for re-configuring.
- Ease of monitoring online.
- Cost savings on laying copper cabling although minimal.
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Digital Systems via Network Audio Transmission
Disadvantage
- Limited by a network’s distribution constrain,ie ; Cobra Net and
most proprietary audio networks are limited to a maximum length
of 700m through 6 network switcher hops.
- High cost of procuring the proprietary network protocol encoder
and decoders.
- The installation maybe be subjected to very costly proprietary
cable requirements.
- Not suitable for building PA system applications
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Advantages
- No loss at fiber-optic transmission over long distance.
- Solution for long distance system integration only.
Disadvantage
- High cost of laying fiber-optic cable.
- Some may require proprietary fiber-optic cable with special
connectors that is costly.
- For Multimode fiber-optic the furthers distances maybe limited to
4km before costly boosters are required.
- Equipment and cable for Single mode fiber-optic applications are
very costly.
- Not suitable for high rise building applications where equipment
are to be centralized in a main control room
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Installation Guide
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There are a few types of cable being used in a PA system. They are:
Cables recommended:
Belden 8641 - 24 AWG Shielded Twisted Pair
Belden 8761 - 22 AWG Shielded Twisted Pair
Belden 8762 - 20 AWG Shielded Twisted Pair
Belden 8641 24 AWG 1P PVC Belden 8760 - 18 AWG Shielded Twisted Pair
Insulation Reel 7x32 Strands
Twisted Pair Cable
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Installation Guide
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4.3. Grounding
4.4 Interference
• Wrong Termination
Wrong termination can be caused by wrong labeling on the cables
• .Poor Termination
Poor termination was mainly due to the following two reasons:
Cold solder
Loose connection
FEEE
Ensuring Enhanced Education
Installation Guide
feee.hcmute.edu.vn 4.2. Audio signal too soft
When the contractor find the audio signal is far too softer than it
supposed to be, one of the following problems may be the cause
4.3. Grounding
• There are mainly two reasons for proper & adequate grounding :
Electrical Safety
Grounding the chassis of the audio device to earth will divert any
current leakage that can be potentially hazardous to the ground. An
ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) may be used to disconnect
mains supply to the power outlets when a residual current is detected
on the earth point
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Installation Guide
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4.3. Grounding
•Thus,
To Reduce
the use ofExternal Noiseshielded
high quality Pickup audio signal cables for line
To Reduce
level cabling External
and alsoNoise
housing all –line
Pickup Proper
levelgrounding
equipmentprevents
in a metal
pickup
equipmentof noise
rackthat
whichis transmitted
is properly magnetically mainlyprotection
grounded provides from motors
& ac power
against thesetransformers.
interferences. Proper
Keepingshielding prevents
the cables shortpickup of noise
and cables that
that is the
carry transmitted capacitively
same signal (in forms
level as close of radio
together whilewaves or static
keeping cablesfrom
of
motors
differentand lighting
types as fardimmers).
apart as possible and all audio cables away from
the ac power cables will help reduce noise pickup
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Ensuring Enhanced Education
Installation Guide
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4.4 Interference
• These tiny current causes hum, buzz, pops and other symptoms
when it couples into the audio signal path. To reduce pickup of
this noise, filters are installed on the dimmer circuit and is best
loaded to the rated output for the filter circuit to work properly.
Ensuring the lighting circuits are properly grounded and using a
different ac circuit will also help
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Installation Guide
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4.4 Interference
Pre-recorded Material
The source of distortion in the audio path can be from the following
locations
Poor quality material will, in the end, be reproduced poorly as it is, no
matter how good the system is. Ensuring a good source of material
would be the primary step of obtaining a good sound reproduction
Pre-amplifier
Power amplifier
Again, ensure that the output level of the preamplifier matches the
input of the power amplifier to ensure optimum performance of the
power amplifiers. A signal too low will result in the power amplifier
not being able to drive its loads to the maximum capacity while a
signal too high will either constantly or during program peaks
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Installation Guide
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4.6 Surge Protection
Microphone Check
To perform the functionality test on the microphone that includes zone
selection, zone group selection, function keys activation, etc
5.2 Connectivity
The connectivity check is to be carried out because
Check
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https://vanbanphapluat.co/tcvn-6098-2-2009-phuong-phap-do-may-thu-hinh-trong-truyen-hinh-quang-
ba-phan-2
https://vanbanphapluat.co/tcvn-6697-5-2009-thiet-bi-cua-he-thong-am-thanh-loa
http://sunjinvietnam.vn/project/tru-so-cac-co-quan-thuoc-bo-van-hoa-the-thao-va-du-lich/
https://tailieuxaydung.info
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