age abnormalities in pregnancy

PRETERM
definition
Regular uterine contractions followed
dilated and / or progressive cervical dilution in
pregnancy less than 37 weeks
etiology
a. Maternal Factors
Toksenia, hypertension, malnutrition / chronic
diseases, such as premature birth diabetes mellitus is
associated with conditions in which the uterus is
unable to withstand the fetus, for example at
premature separation, placental release and infarction
of the placenta
b. Fetal Factor
Chromosomal abnormalities (eg anthosomal trisomes)
multiple fetuses, radiation injury (Sacharin 1996)
Factors associated with premature birth:

a. Pregnancy
1) Uterine Malformation
2) Multiple pregnancy
3) IT. Incompetent Cervix
4) KPD
5) Pre eclampsia
6) History of premature birth
7) Rh disorders
b. Medical condition
1) Conditions that give rise to the preterm partus
a. Hypertension
b. The development of the fetus is inhibited
c. A placenta solution
d. Placenta previa
e. Rhesus abnormalities
f. Diabetes
2) Conditions that cause contraction
a. Uterine congenital abnormalities
b. Premature rupture of membranes
c. Incompetent cervix
d. Multiple pregnancy
c. Social Economics
• 1) No prenatal care
• 2) Low socioeconomic status
• 3) Mal nutrition
• 4) Teenage pregnancy

d. Lifestyle factors
• 1) Smoking habits
• 2) Weight gain during pregnancy is lacking
• 3) Drug abuse (cocaine)
• 4) Alcohol
signs of preterm delivery,

a. Cramps like when it comes to the moon or pain

in the back.
b. Abdominal cramps, with or without diarrhea.
c. Regular uterine contractions are ten minutes or
less apart and this contraction does not have to
hurt.
d. Feeling depressed in the lower abdomen, feels
heavy or like a baby pushing down.
e. out of water or other fluids from the vagina.
HANDLING PREMATURE LABOR

The principle of handling premature labor is: ah:

a. Try to stop the contractions of the uterus / birth delay
b. Labor continues and prepare for further treatment.
c. Efforts to stop uterine contractions may be drugs or tocolytic only
briefly, but it is important to administer corticosteroids, this
intervention aims to delay birth until the baby is mature enough to be
born (37 weeks)
Delay in pregnancy if:
a. 37 weeks pregnancy
b. The opening of the cervix is less than 3 cm
c. There is no active amnionitis, pre-eclampsia or bleeding.
d. There is no fetal distress.
posterm
definition
Pregnancy that passes 294 days or more
than 42 weeks complete.
Posterm is the condition of the baby born
due to pregnancy over time with physical
abnormalities due to lack of food and oxygen.
 Influence on mother and fetus
Against the mother
• Postmatur delivery may cause dystocia because
• a) Uncoordinated uterine action
• b) Large fetus
• c) Head molasses are less
• d) So often found old partus, misplaced, uterine inertia, shoulder dystocia, and
postpartum hemorrhage. This will increase morbidity and mortality rates.
To the fetus
• The number of fetal or infant deaths in 42 weeks 'pregnancies is 3 times
greater than 40 weeks' gestation, because postmaturity will add harm to the
fetus. The effect of postmaturity on the fetus varies, such as;
• Fetal weight may grow larger, steadily, and decrease in tone after 42 weeks of
pregnancy. There is also a bias of fetal death in the womb.
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Management
a) After the pregnancy age of more than 40-42
weeks is important is the fetal monitoring as well
as possible.
b) In the absence of signs of placental insufficiency,
spontaneous labor can be awaited with strict
supervision.
c) Collaborate with an obstetrician or referral
physician.