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IMMUNITY
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The Concept of Immunity
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IMMUNITY (RESISTANCE)
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INNATE & ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
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(Abbas et al., 2016)
Innate immune defense against intracellular
viruses is mediated by NK cells, which kill
virus-infected cells
Innate immune system responds in essentially
the same way to repeat encounters with a
microbe
Innate immune system recognizes:
- structures of microbes
- molecules that are released from damaged
or necrotic host cells
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Receptors
present on the
cell surface.
They detect
extracellular
microbes and
have function as
sensors of
cytoplasmic
microbes
(Abbas et al., 2016)
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The receptors used by the innate immune system
to react against microbes and damaged cells are
expressed on phagocytes, dendritic cells, and
many other cell types
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Physical factors
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(Abbas et al., 2016)
Chemical factors
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Normal microbiota
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Second Line of Defense
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Phagocytes
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Actions of phagocytic cells
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The mechanism of phagocytosis
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Microbial evasion of phagocytosis
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Inflammation
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(Abbas et al., 2016)
inflammation con’t
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inflammation con’t
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inflammation con’t
Tissue Repair
Tissue is repaired when the stroma (supporting
tissue) or parenchyma (functioning tissue) produces
new cells.
Stromal repair by fibroblasts produces scar tissue.
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Fever
Fever is an abnormally high body temperature
produced in response to a bacterial or viral
infection.
Bacterial endotoxins, interleukin-1 (IL-10), and
alpha-tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) can
induce fever.
A chill indicates a rising body temperature;
crisis (sweating) indicates that the body's
temperature is falling.
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NATURAL KILLER
(NK) CELLS
Antigen may be
referred to as
signal 1, and
innate immune
responses to
microbes and to
host cells
damaged by
microbes may
provide signal 2
(Abbas et al., 2016)
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