Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
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Air pollution
Effects of air pollution
Water pollution-sources, sustainable waste water
treatment
Solid waste-sources, impact of solid waste, zero waste
concept, 3R concept
Global environmental issues- resource degradation,
climate change, global warming, ozone layer depletion,
regional and local environmental issues
Carbon credit and carbon trading
Carbon foot print
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Environmental Pollution
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AIR POLLUTION
WHO – 2.4 million die due to ill effects of air pollution
Area (number
of industries)
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Indoor (smoking,
cooking, painting…)
Location
Outdoor
(automobiles,
industries ..)
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Effects of air pollution
• Human health
• Vegetation
• Animals
• Material and property
• Environment
- Climate Change
- Green house effect
- Global Warming
- Ozone Layer Depletion
- Acid Rain
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Climate Change
• “Change of climate attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that
alters composition of global atmosphere and which is no addition to
natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods” –
UNFCCC
• Effects
– Increase in global temperature
– Ocean acidification
– Melting of glaciers
– Change in rainfall pattern
– Drought, flood
– Rise in sea level
– Diseases
– Effect on biodiversity
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Green House Effect
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Global Warming
• Causes - Natural
Anthropogenic
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Ozone layer depletion
CFCL2
CFCl3 hv
+ Cl
ClO +
Cl O3
O2
Cl +
ClO O3
2O2
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Acid Rain
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Measures to reduce AIR POLLUTION
• Promote biofuels instead of fossil fuels
• Move to renewable sources than non renewable
• Afforestation & air quality monitoring
• Chimneys for industries
• Stop incineration of wastes
• Mechanical Methods Catalytic Convertors
Zoning
Cyclone Collector
Electrostatic Precipitators
Complete Combustion of fuels
Chemical Separation
Lime Water Wash
Extraction Ventilators
Fabric filters
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WATER POLLUTION
Source
Diffused/Non
Point
point
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Sources of waste water
Sewer Rainwater
Domestic Industrial
infiltration runoff
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Mode of pollution
Natural
(Rainwater,Atmosph
ere, Surrounding Anthropogenic
vegetation,
runoff,..)
Domestic(Househol Industrial(eutrophic
Agricultural
d waste,… ation)
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Measures to reduce WATER POLLUTION
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Solid Waste
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• Type based
Garbage - vegetable & fruit peels, spoiled food, meat,
bones.
Rubbish - Paper, cardboard, wood, rubber, leather,
plastics(Combustible), (Non combustible) metals, Al can, glass
bottles…
Ashes & Residues - burning of wood, coal, charcoal, coke
Bulky - machines
Street - from walkways, parks,…
Construction &
demolition - demolished building wastes
EWastes - Electronic machines
Farm - poultries, dairies,…
Hazardous - chemical & radioactive materials
Biomedical - syringes, needles, glass bottles,…
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Impacts of SOLID WASTE
Waste Water
Management
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Centralized
Decentralized on Site
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Trickling Filter
Oxidation Pond
Constructed
wetlands
Waste Water
Treatment
Waste stabilization
pond
Aerated lagoons
Soil Aquifer
Treatment
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Trickling filter
Oxidation pond
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Constructed wetlands
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Aerated Lagoons
SAT
• Partly treated waste water
percolate into soil layer,
get purified & finally mixed
with ground water.
• Effluent gets purified &
pathogens are removed.
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Public
participation
Operation &
Capital cost management
Pollutant
Energy use
removal
Aesthetics
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Use of Treated Water
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Resource Degradation
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3 R Concept
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Zero Waste Concept
- design principle maximizes recycling with minimal waste
generation & reduced consumption which ensures that
products are made to be recycled back into nature or
market place.
- Benefits
Economic & environmental
Faster development
Support sustainability
Improved material flow
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Carbon Credit
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Company A Company B
Allotted - 10 Allotted - 12
Emitted - 8 Emitted - 14
Credit
Debit balance
outstanding –
– 2 units
2 units
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Carbon Trading
Estimation
• One tone of dry tree weight = 1 ton carbon dioxide
• One tone carbon produce 3.67 ton CO2 when burned.
• GWP of other GHGs are equivalent to CO2 equivalence
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GWP & lifespan of GHGs
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Numerical Example
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Gas GWP Process 1 Equivalent Process 2 Equivalent
CO2 CO2
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Carbon Footprint
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Regional & local Environmental Issues
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Students must do any one of the
projects
• Asses the pollution status of an area
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THANK YOU
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