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 Definition of a lathe

Lathe is one type of machine tool used for

the process of cutting workpieces which is
done by making incisions on workpieces
where the tool is moved in translation and
parallel to the axis of the rotating
workpiece. In the industrial sector, the state
of the lathe plays a very important role,
especially in the machinery industry.
TYPES OF LATHE MACHINES!! “
“Conventional lathes are machine tools or ordinary lathes
that produce cylindrical shaped objects. Erection
movement mechanism, installing transverse and erosion
slides above are served by handles manually (by hand),
both automatically and directly.
.
 01 Lathe Machine Center Lathe

This type is the most common type, using a

spindle shaft which has a chuck on one side as
a material grip. This jaw becomes the center
and the other side becomes a player.

Belt Lathe Machine 02

The spindle shaft part works by being connected to a
belt. The rotation of the shaft becomes the driving
round of the belt that encircles the gear. This gear
wheel is the key to screw making and cutting material.
At the end of the gear circuit there is a chiseled slope
that moves in a constant direction with translational
properties to form a thread.
 03 Lathe Machine Facing Lathe
This machine is included in the category of
special lathes that work on disk-shaped
material. Discs on the dish are on the base
side of a large plate, then the turning process
works on both sides of the dish.

Vertical Turret Lathe 04

This machine has a similarity with vertical
drilling freis machines only with a turret system.
In the presence of a revolving turntable and turret
mounted on a rail that crosses the turntable. In the
turret there is a side head that becomes a tool
controller with the system that has been set so that
the process repetition is identical when you
operate it.
 FUNCTION

The main function of the machine is to

make / produce cylindrical section
objects, such as straight shafts,
multilevel shafts (step axes), threaded
shafts (screw threads) and various other
cylindrical surface fields.
While the main movements on the lathe are :
• Rotating motion, which is a rotational motion of the workpiece that
is moved on the tool and called cutting motion.
• Elongated movement, which is a form of movement when the
cutting direction is parallel to the work axis. This movement is also
called the eating movement.
• Transverse movement, which is a form of movement when the
cutting direction is perpendicular to the working axis. This
movement is called transverse movement or surface cutting.
 Machine tools and parts
• Bed machine : has a longitudinal profile that functions to get the
position of the loose head and brackets.
• Fixed head : has the main axis with the main rotating motion. The
main axis is the transmission shaft with multilevel pully.
• Carriage : The machine part used for adjusting, moving the tool
position in a long direction, which can be done by moving left or right
manually or automatically.
• Lathe head off : A lathe part that functions to get a flashlight, drill, drill
flashlight, tap or reamer.
• Rest : rest is used when turning a long threaded rod, it can also function as
a centrifugal force brace due to high rotation.
• Transport shaft and carrier shaft : The transport shaft and carrier shaft
function to move the carriage automatically left or right when the turning
operation takes place the transport stem is not threaded but has a keyway
that serves to rotate the erect gear so that it can move left or right on a
regular basis.
• Chisel clamp / chisel house : Chisel clamp is a chisel house mounted on a
slate.
• Chuck : Chuck is a lathe equipment used to hold workpieces.
• Centre : Centre used to support the workpiece to be turned, so that the
workpiece can rotate on its axis. Centre has a round shape with a narrow
stem and pointed edges.
• Tapered equipment : is an equipment that can be used for taper
turning The main parts of the tapering equipment consist of a guide bar,
cross slide bar, angle plate, sliding block, bed bracket
 Advantages and disadvantages of conventional lathe machines

Advantages of Conventional Lack of Conventional Lathes

Lathe Machines 1. It takes a relatively long time to adjust the
1. Does not require a computer engine.
expert operator. 2. The level of accuracy of the measurement is
2. The way to operate is easy less accurate.
because it doesn't need to enter 3. The time needed in the production process is
data. less efficient.
3. The initial capital needed is 4. The level of skill / accuracy of the operator
relatively small. influences the quality of the product produced.
4. Engine maintenance costs are 5. Quality produced must be continuously
smaller than cnc lathes. monitored.
6. Requires more power compared to CNC lathes.
NON CONVENTIONAL
LATHE (CNC)
 Definition of Lathe CNC
CNC machines are machines that use a
computer program, where the abbreviation CNC
is Computerized Numberik Control. An
automation of machine tools operated by orders
that are programmed in an abstract and stored
in storage media, this is contrary to previous
habits where machine tools are usually
controlled by hand rotation or simple automation
using cam.
The word CNC itself stands for the word Numerical Control which means
Numerical Control. In this case the machine tool is usually added with a motor that
will move the controller to follow the points inserted into the system by a paper
recorder. 01
This machine between the servo motor and mechanics was soon replaced by analog
systems and then digital computers created modern machine tools called CNC
machines which later revolutionized the design process. At present CNC machines
have a very close relationship with the CAD Program. CNC machines are built to
answer the challenges in the world of modern manufacturing. With a CNC machine, the
accuracy of a product can be guaranteed up to 1/100 mm more, work on mass products
with the exact same results and fast machining times.

Working Principle of CNC Lathe

1. Programmers make CNC programs according to products that will be made by
typing directly on CNC machines or made on computers with CNC programming
software.
2. The CNC program, better known as the G-Code, is then sent and executed by the
processor on the CNC machine to produce a servo motor arrangement on the
machine to move the moving tools to process the machine to produce the product
02
according to the program.
 Advantages and disadvantages of cnc lathe
machines

Advantages of CNC Lathes Lack of CNC Lathes

1. The level of accuracy of measurements is 1. Simple fabrication of workpiece

more accurate
2. There is no need for continuous checks
3. The time needed is faster
4. Does not require a large place for the
machine
5. Operators do not have to be as skilled as
conventional lathe operators
6. More energy efficient
7. Production results can be controlled very
well
8. Easy to operate
components is difficult because it uses a
complex format
2. The initial capital needed is greater
3. Requires higher maintenance costs
4. Performance of engine hanging NC
equipment
5. Need experts who can program NC
equipment
03
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