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CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATION
1. Information
It is the knowledge, which the
investigator gathered, and acquired from
other person, through observation,
personal study, research, experience and
etc..
a. Regular sources
these are records and files from schools
and police.
b. Cultivated sources
these are information coming from informers
and informants.
c. Grapevine sources
these are information coming from
underworld people such as criminals,
prisoners, and ex-convict.
2. Interview, Interrogation
Interrogation – it is a vigorous
questioning of a person who is reluctant
to divulge information.
3. Instrumentation
1. Rapport
1. Suspicious type
Fear must be removed and the
investigator must apply psychological
pressure, let him think that his non-
cooperation will work against him.
2. Know- Nothing type
1. Stern Approaches
a. By exaggerating fear
The interrogator points out that there is
no perfect crime and the suspect cannot
win the case.
b. Affording an Opportunity to Lie
Sweating
Admission
Acknowledgment of a fact;
Insufficient to convict a person
Confession
Acknowledgement of guilt;
Sufficient to convict a person
Classifications of Admission
e. Adoptive
It occurs when a person manifests his
assent to the statements of another person.
Rules to be observed in taking Confession
or Admission
1. Confession or admission must be taken
preferably in writing and under oath, otherwise it
is not admissible as evidence.
2. It must be written in the language understood
by the accused, if not, it should be translated to
the language or dialect known to the accused.
3. It must be freely and voluntary given.
4. Under the 1987 Constitution, it must be taken
in presence of a lawyer chosen personally by
the accused.
By testimony of Eyewitness
Types of suspects identified by
Witness
1. Known
these are malefactors whose pictures
are available from police files and
records.
2. Unknown
these are malefactors whose
identification are furnished by an
eyewitness only.
Methods of identification by witness
Competition
Civic mindedness
Revenge
Vanity
Remuneration
Gratitude and Gain
Fear
Jealousy
Repentance
Avoidance of punishment
Through Surveillance
a. Tailing or Shadowing
Loose tail – This is used when the surveillant
would like to know the general impression of
the subject’s habits and associate.
Evidence
It is a means sanctioned by the
Revised Rules of Court, of ascertaining
in a judicial proceeding the truth
respecting a matter of fact.
Proof
1. Strip method
Photography
2. Mid-range Photographs
3. Close-up-range Photographs
Long-range Photographs
1. Rough Sketch
1. Sketch of Locality
1.Title
3. Compass Direction
This is necessary to determine the north
of the crime scene in order to facilitate
proper orientation.
4. Scale and Proportion
6. Measurements
This is should be accurate up to last
inches.
Don’ts in making a Sketch of the Crime
Scene
1. Physical Reconstruction
1. To effect an apprehension.
2. To gather evidence of an illegal activity by
surprising in flagrante delicto.
3. To recover stolen property.
Composition and Assignment of Raiding
Team
1. Raid Commander
He also known as the Team Leader who
is responsible is supervising all the function
and operations of his members.
2. Assistant Raid Commander
He is the second in command who
usually relay the instruction of the raid
commander to the personnel.
3. Other Personnel
They are the members of the team who
carry out the mission of the raid.
Thank you for
listening..
God bless you all..