Introduction to Materials

Tutorial 2
Material Science & Engineering
Material science
is the investigation of relationships between structures
.and properties of materials

Material engineering
is using the correlations between properties and
structures to design a structure of a material in
ordered to obtain a required set of properties and
. performance
Material Science & Engineering
 Material Science & Engineering

Process Structure Property Performan

ce
A method • The • A material • The quality •
for arrangeme behavior in of the
manufacturi nt of its terms of product
ng the raw internal the kind
material to atoms and
produce magnitude
the of
product response
Classification of Engineering
Materials

Metals

Ceramics Polymers

Composites

Foams Natural
Materials
Atom consists of very small nucleus
composed of protons and neutrons
and is encircled by moving
.electrons
Fundamental concepts
.Atomic number (Z)
.No. of protons -
.Atomic mass (A)
Sum of masses of -
.protons & neutrons
.Isotopes 
Elements with same -
number of protons but
different number of neutrons
.thus different atomic mass
.Atomic Weight
it depends on our understanding
of how much of each isotope of
.an element exists
Atomic Models
Wave-mechanical 
:model
Bohr atomic
:model

Electrons are revolving -

around the atoms in
.discrete orbital

Electrons are considered to

have wave-like and
.particle- like properties

Probability of the electron

position to be in various
.locations
Wave mechanical model
:Four quantum numbers

Shell number, n (1, 2, 3, .. 7)▫

Sub shell, l (s, p, d and f)▫

Number of energy states, ml (1, 3, 5, 7)▫
Spin moment , ms (+0.5, -0.5)▫
Types of bonding

Ionic bonding .1
.Covalent bonding .2
.Metallic bonding .3
.Van der waals bonding .4
)Hydrogen bonding(
Questions
Cite the difference between atomic mass
and atomic weight
Chromium has four naturally occurring
: isotopes

of 50Cr, with an atomic weight of 49.9460 amu 4.34%-

of 52Cr, with an atomic weight of 51.9405 83.79%-
amu
of 53Cr, with an atomic weight of 52.9407 amu 9.50%-
.of 54Cr, with an atomic weight of 53.9389 amu 2.37%-
On the basis of these data, Find the
. average atomic weight of Cr