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Failure
Fatigue Failures
Fatigue Failures
Fatigue Failures
The relation between the stress amplitude and fatigue life. The
higher the load (stress amplitude), the shorter the fatigue life
Can you see the fatigue crack propagation (leaf spring of a van
(transporter))
Prof.Dr. Bilgehan Ögel
Mete 230
12
Failure in Materials
Surface Irregularities:
The Fatigue crack can propagate more easily, if the surface is
irregular.
The stress distribution just at the tip of the crack is high. (Fig.3)
A scratch at the surface or a sharp corner act as stress
concentration point. So, even the nominal stress 0 may be low, the
stress max just at the tip of the crack may be very high.
Also the crack length “a” and the crack tip radius “” effect the fatigue
life.
The large cracks (large a) and sharper cracks (smaller ) causes a
higher max . So fatigue crack propagation become easy.
Tensile Strength:
The Fatigue life of a component increase, with an increase in the
Ultimate Tensile Strength (Fig.7.4)
Therefore, high strength materials give higher fatigue strength.
This is due to that the crack initiation by plastic deformation at the
surface becomes more difficult.
However, this relation is lost at very high strength values, because
the surface imperfections become the limiting factor. No further
increase is observed
Surface Hardness:
Improves the fatigue life:
Cold Working (Shot peening)
Case Hardening
Induction hardening, carburizing improves the fatigue life.
Creep
Creep
Creep
Hydrogen Embrittlement
Source of Hydrogen in steels:
Hydrogen Embrittlement
The failure types caused by hydrogen:
Hydrogen Embrittlement
Hydrogen induced blistering (small bubble-like failures on the metal
surface)
Inner cracks in large sectioned steels.