Week 2

Titrimetric Method
CE2C003 – Analytical Chemistry
Department of Chemical Engineering
UNIVERSITAS INTERNASIONAL SEMEN INDONESIA

1
UISI® For internal use only
 General Principle

Reaction:

aA + tT → PRODUCT
A: analyte
T: titrant (standard solution)

Equivalent point: a state where the amount of A is chemically same

with its of T → detected by using indicator
Indicator will detect the final point of reaction when color changing
occurs.
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 Titration

Type of reactions used for titration:

1. Acid-Base
2. Oxidation-Reduction
3. Precipitation
4. Complex forming

(Underwood pg.44)

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 Standardization of Solution

Standardization : A process to determine the concentration of a

solution accurately.

Primary standard : Pure chemical reagent for analysis

Criteria : 1. Available in pure condition, or at least 99.98%.
2. Stable, easy to dry and non-hygroscopic.
3. Normal equivalent weight for minimum error.
4. Large molar mass.

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 Primary Standards for Some Redox Reagents
Solution to
be Primary
standardized Standard Reaction

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 Aliquot
A portion that is taken from a diluted sample of primary standard is
aliquot.

Example:
0.4148 grams of pure CaCO3 (MW = 100,09) was diluted in HCl 1:1 until
500 mL in a volumetric flask. 50 mL of aliquot was taken with a pipette
and placed in an Erlenmeyer flask. This aliquot was then titrated with
40.34 mL of EDTA by using Black Eriochrome T indicator. Calculate the
molarity of EDTA!

Reaction: Ca2+ + Y4- → CaY2-

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 Aliquot (cont’d)

Reaction: Ca2+ + Y4- → CaY2-

At equivalent point:
mole EDTA = mole CaCO3
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3
VEDTA * MEDTA =
𝑀𝑊 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3
50 𝑚𝐿
500 𝑚𝐿
∗414.8 𝑚𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠
40.34 mL * MEDTA =
100.09 𝑚𝑔/𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
MEDTA = 0.0103 mmole/mL

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 Dilution (calculation)
Example:
A KMNO4 0.02 M solution was prepared by diluting an amount of salt
that has been measured in a 1 L volumetric flask. 25 mL of aliquot from
this solution was placed in a 500 mL volumetric flask and diluted with
water until its graduation marking. Calculate the molarity of this
solution!

Solution:
V1 * M 1 = V 2 * M 2
25 mL * 0.02 M = 500 mL * M2
M2 = 0.01 M

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 Calculation of Purity Percentage

V*N = Equivalent of titration = Equivalent of analyte

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑡𝑒
Purity Percentage (%) = ∗ 100%
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒
𝑉 ∗𝑁 ∗ 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
= * 100%
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒

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 Calculation of Purity Percentage (cont’d)
Example 1:
2.1283 g of impure KHP (KHC8H4O4) sample will be equivalent
with 42.58 mL of a 0.1084 N base, indicated by
phenolphthalein. Calculate the percentage of KHP (Equivalent
Weight = 204.2) in that sample!

Solution:
42.58 𝑚𝐿 ∗ 0.1084 𝑁 ∗ 204.2
%KHP = * 100%
2128.3 𝑚𝑔
= 44.29%

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 Calculation of Purity Percentage (cont’d)
Example 2:
0.6428 g of iron composite was dissolved in acid. The iron was
reduced to Fe3+ and titrated with 36.30 mL of 0.1052 N K2Cr2O7
solution.
a) Calculate the percentage of Fe (M = 55.847) in the sample.
b) Calculate the percentage of Fe2O3 (M = 159.69) in the sample.

Solution:
𝑚𝑒𝑘 𝑚𝑔
36.30 𝑚𝐿 ∗ 01052 ∗ 55.847
𝑚𝐿 𝑚𝑒𝑘
a) %Fe = * 100% = 33.18%
642.8 𝑚𝑔
𝑚𝑒𝑘 159.69 𝑚𝑔
36.30 𝑚𝐿 ∗ 01052 ∗
𝑚𝐿 2 𝑚𝑒𝑘
b) % Fe2O3 = * 100% = 47.44%
642.8 𝑚𝑔
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 Weight Factor
Weight Factor: a condition where the volume needed for titration (in mL) equals to the analyte
percentage.

Example 1:
How many weight of the sample should be taken for analysis so that the volume of 0.1074 N NaOH
solution will be equal to the percentage of KHP in the sample? Equivalent weight of KHP is 204.2
mg/mek.

Solution:
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 ∗ 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 ∗ 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝐻𝑃
%KHP = * 100%
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒

Since the %KHP = volume of NaOH (in mL), hence

Weight of the sample = normality of NaOH * equivalent weight of KHP * 100

= 0.1074 * 204.2 * 100
= 2193 mg
= 2.193 g

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 Weight Factor (cont’d)
Example 2:
Samples that contain As with the weight of 0.8 g was titrated with
standard iodide solution. Calculate the normality of this iodide solution
so that every mL of the titrant will represent 0.5% As2O3 in the sample!

Solution:
Equivalent weight of As2O3 = 197.84/4 = 49.46 mg/mek
% As2O3 =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐼2 ∗ 𝑁 ∗ 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑠2 𝑂3
∗ 100%
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒
𝑚𝑔
1 𝑚𝐿 ∗ 𝑁 ∗ 49.46𝑚𝑒𝑘
0.5 = ∗ 100%
800 𝑚𝑔
N = 0.0809 mek/mL
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 Coulometric Analysis

One of titrimetric analysis that uses the measurement of electricity to

calculate the analyte quantity.
One Faraday is an electric measurement for 1 equivalent change in
chemical process, that means receiving or releasing a mole of electron.

1 Faraday =N*e
= 6.022 * 1023 electrons * 1.6 * 1019 C/electron
1F = 96490 C ≈ 96500 C

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 Coulometric Analysis (cont’d)
Example:
2.132 g of copper composite was dissolved in acid and then
electrolyzed as following reaction
Cu2+ + 2e → Cu
The electrolysis needs 8.04 minutes if we use a constant current of 2
amperes. Calculate the copper percentage in the composite!

Solution:
8.04 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑠 ∗60 𝑠/ min∗2 𝐶/𝑠
Equivalent of Cu = = 10 mek
96.5 𝐶/𝑚𝑒𝑘

Since 1 mmol of Cu = 2 mek

10𝑚𝑒𝑘 63.55𝑚𝑔
2𝑚𝑒𝑘
∗ 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
%Cu = * 100% = 14.9%
2132 𝑚𝑔
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 Problems
1.
2.
3.

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Thank You

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