9EE603.

51TO52
Department of Technical Education
Andhra Pradesh
Name of the Staff : G.S. Radha
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Institute : GPW, Kadapa
Semester : VI
Subject : A C Machines II
Subject Code : EE603
Topic : 1 Phase Induction Motors
Sub Topic : Introduction, Construction,
Working Principle
Duration : 100 min
Teaching aids : PPT, Animation, Diagram
Revised by :Modem.Narayana,L/EE,GPM,Kurnool

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Objectives

On completion of this period ,you would be able to

know about the
 1phase induction motor

 Construction

 Working principle

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Have You Seen 1 Phase

Induction Motor Any Where ?

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SIMPLE SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

Fig.1

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Split-Phase Motor

Fig.2

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Cut Away View of Split Phase Motor

Fig.3
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Capacitor Start Motor

Fig.4
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Capacitor Start /Capacitor Run Motor

Fig.5
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Shaded Pole Motor

Fig.6

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Application of 1 Phase Induction Motor

 Houses

 Offices

 Shops

 Factories etc.

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SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS

Advantages

 Simple in construction

 Small in size

 Less than 2 HP rating

 Mostly in fractional horse power range

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Draw Backs of 1 Phase Induction Motor

 Not self starting & needs special starting methods

 They operate at low power factors

 Low efficiency

 Low overload capacity etc.

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CONSTRUCTION OF SINGLE PHASE
INDUCTION MOTOR

 Similar in construction to three phase induction motor

 It also has stator & rotor

 It has only one stator winding (unlike three phase induction

motor which has three stator windings)

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STATOR POLE CARRYING STATOR
COIL

Fig.7

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Elements of Single Phase Induction Motor

Fig.8a Fig.8b
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STATOR COIL
WOUND FOR FOUR POLES

Fig.9

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SQUIRREL CAGE ROTOR

Fig.10a Fig.10b

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WORKING PRINCIPLE OF 1 PHASE
INDUCTION MOTOR
 When the motor is
connected to single phase
supply the main winding
carries alternating current
 This current produces
pulsating magnetic field
 This pulsating flux acting on
stationary rotor cannot
rotate the rotor

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PULSATING MAGNETIC FIELD

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WHY 1 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR IS NOT
SELF STARTING

 one phase stator winding

fed from one phase supply
can't produce rotating field
 As produced by three
phase induction motor as
shown in figure
Fig.11
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 9EE603.51TO52
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SINGLE PHASE
INDUCTION MOTOR

 Due to induction , rotor is energized

 As the main magnetic field is pulsating, the torque necessary

for the rotor rotation not generated

 This will cause rotor to vibrate, but not to rotate

 Hence single phase induction motor requires starting

mechanism

 Which makes starting kick for the motor to rotate

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HOW TO MAKE SINGLE PHASE
INDUCTION MOTOR SELF STARTING

 To make single phase induction motor self starting,

 It is temporarily converted into two phase motor during starting

period

 By connecting starting or auxiliary winding in addition to main

winding

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MAKING SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION
MOTOR SELF STARTING

Fig.12a Fig.12b

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HOW TO MAKE SINGLE PHASE
INDUCTION MOTOR SELF STARTING
 The two windings are
spaced 90° apart
 connected in parallel
 Phase difference between
the currents through the two
windings is nearly 90
 Then rotating magnetic field
is developed

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The Behavior of Single Phase

Induction Motor

 It can be explained by any one of the following

two ways
 By double revolving field theory

 By cross field theory

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SUMMARY

We have discussed

 Construction of 1ɸ Induction Motors

 Working principle of 1ɸ Induction Motors

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Quiz

1.The operation of an induction motor is based on

a) Lenz’ s law

b) Amperes law

c) Principle of mutual induction

d) Principle of self induction

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Quiz

2. A single phase induction motor is

a) Self starting

b) Not self starting

c) Starting with the help of auxiliary winding

d) None of the above

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Quiz
3.Single phase induction motors are used
in large number due to

A) Their great variety of useful services in home, office,

factory, business establishment and on the farm

B) Their wide applications in automatic control devices

C) Lower cost

D) Both A & B

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Quiz
4.IN A SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION
MOTOR

 A) Stator supplied with single phase a.c

 B) Rotor supplied with single phase a.c

 C) Rotor cage type

 D) Rotor wound type

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Quiz
5.SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS ARE
MORE NOISY THAN THREE PHASE INDUCTION
MOTORS BECAUSE OF
A) Inherently low power rating

B) Squirrel cage rotor design

C) Pulsating electrical power input

D) Pulsating electrical power input & constant

mechanical output

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Quiz
6.THE ROTOR SLOTS IN AN INDUCTION MOTOR
ARE USUALLY NOT KEPT PARALLEL TO THE
SHAFT AS IT

A) Helps the rotor teeth to remain under the stator teeth

B) Helps in reducing the tendency of the rotor teeth to

remain under the stator teeth

C) Improves power factor

D) Improves efficiency

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Quiz
7.IN COMPARISON TO THREE PHASE
INDUCTION MOTORS, SINGLE PHASE
INDUCTION MOTORS HAVE

A) lower efficiency

B) lower power factor

C) Poor speed regulation

D) More slip at full load

E) All of the above

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Quiz
8. PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE
PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS ARE –THAT OF THREE
PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS

A) As satisfactory as

B) less satisfactory than

C) More satisfactory than

D) Almost as satisfactory as

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Quiz
9.THE POWER FACTOR AT WHICH SINGLE
INDUCTION MOTORS USUALLY OPERATE
IS

A) 0.7 lag

B) 0.8 lag

C) 0.7 lead

D) Unity

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Quiz

 The motor built in fractional _ horse power sizes are

technically termed small motors

 ANS TRUE

 In a single phase induction motor if rotor is initially given a

start by some external means in either direction , the motor
will run in that direction

 ANS TRUE

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Quiz

1.Fractional horse power motors are usually ______ phase type

 ANS single

2.The rotor construction of a single induction motor is identical

to that of a three phase ______ motor

 ANS induction

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Quiz

3.The rotating part of a single phase a.c motor is called _______

 ANS rotor
4.The squirrel cage winding motor is usually placed in the
______
 ANS rotor
5.In a single phase induction motor , the starting torque is
_______
 ANS zero

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QUESTIONS TO STUDENTS

1.For one phase induction motors how many stator windings are
there?
 one

2.Is one phase induction motor self starting?

 no

3.What is the type of flux produced ?

 Pulsating flux or alternating flux

4.What type of rotor is generally used

 Squirrel cage

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ASSIGNMENT

 Compare the working principles of three phase induction

motor and single phase induction motor

 Draw the squirrel cage rotor of induction motor

 List the merits of squirrel cage rotor over other type of rotor

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

 Explain the construction of single phase induction motor

 Why single phase induction motor is not self starting

 Write the working principle of single phase induction motor

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