CNC & Machining Centers: Modul 12 MK. CAD/CAM

CNC & Machining
Centers
Modul 12 MK. CAD/CAM
Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Direct NC vs. NC Machine
Tools
Direct Numerical Control (Direct
NC) - A numerical control system in
which the data handling, control
sequences, and response to input
is determined by an on-board
computer system at the machine
tool.

Direct NC
Advantages
Increased Program storage capability
at the machine tool
Program editing at the machine tool
Control systems upgrades possible
Option -resident CAM system at
machine tool
Tool path verification

NC
Numerical Control (NC) - A control system

which primarily processes numeric input.
Limited programming capability at the
machine tool.
Limited logic beyond direct input.
 These types of systems are referred to as
“hardwire controls” and were popular from
the 1950’s to 1970’s.

Machining Centers
A machining center can be defined as a

machine tool capable of:
Multiple operation and processes in a
single set-up utilizing multiple axis
Typically has an automatic mechanism to
change tools

Machining Centers
Machine motion is programmable

Servo motors drive feed mechanisms for
tool axis’s
Positioning feedback is provided by
resolvers to the control system

Machining Centers
Example - A turning center

capable of OD turning, external
treading, cross-hole drilling,
engraving, and milling.
 All in machining is accomplished
in one “set-up.” Machine may
have multiple spindles.

A 3-AXIS MACHINING CENTER

Machining Centers

The 5 Axis Milling CNC

3, 4, 5 or 6Axis

Programming Methods
Automatically Programmed Tools (APT)

A text based system in which a
programmer defines a series of lines,
arcs, and points which define the overal
part geometry locations. These features
are then used to generate a cutter
location (CL) file.

Programming Methods-APT
Developed as a joint effort between

the aerospace industry, MIT, and the
US Airforce
Still used today and accounts for

about 5 -10% of all programming in
the defense and aerospace industries

Requires excellent 3D visualization

skills
Capable of generating machine

code for complicated part
programs
5 axis machine tools

Part definition
P1=Point/12,20,0
C1=Circle/Center,P1,Radius,3
LN1=Line/C1. ATANGL,90
Cutter Commands
TLRT,GORT/LN1.TANTO,C1
GOFWD/C1,TANTO,L5
Programming Methods-CAM
 Computer Aided Machining (CAM) Systems

Graphic representation of the part
PC based
Integrated CAD/CAM functionality
“Some” built-in expertise
Speed & feed data based on material
and tool specifications

Tool & material libraries

Tool path simulation
Tool path editing
Tool path optimization
Cut time calculations for cost estimating

Import / export capabilities to other

systems
Examples:
Drawing Exchange Format (DXF)
 Initial Graphics Exchange
Standard (IGES)

The Process CAD to NC File
Start with graphic representation of part

Direct input
Import from external system
Example DXF / IGES
2D or 3D scan
Model or Blueprint
(At this point you have a graphics file of
your geometry)
Define cutter path by selecting geometry

Contours
Pockets
Hole patterns
Surfaces
Volume to be removed
(At this point the system knows what you
want to cut)
Production Strategies

 Define cut parameters

Tool information
Type, Rpm, Feed
Cut method
Example - Pocket mill zig-zag, spiral,
inside-out
Rough and finish parameters
(At this point the system knows how you want
to cut the part)

Execute cutter simulation

Visual representation of cutter motion
Modify / delete cutter sequences
(At this point the system has a “generic” cutter

location (CL) file of the cut paths)

Post Processing
CL file to machine specific NC code
Filters CL information and formats it into NC
code based on machine specific
parameters
Work envelope
Limits - feed rates, tool changer, rpm’s,
etc.
G & M function capabilities
Output: NC Code
Numerical Control (NC) Language

A series of commands which
“direct” the cutter motion and
support systems of the machine
tool.

Output: NC Code
G-Codes (G00, G01, G02, G81)

Coordinate data (X,Y,Z)
Feed Function (F)
Miscellaneous functions (M13)
N - Program sequence number
T - Tool call
S - Spindle command
Output: NC Code
 NC Program Example
N01G90 G80
N03 GOO T12 M06
N05 GOO X0 Y0 Z.1 F10 S2500 M13
N07 G1Z-.5
N09 G02 X-10. I0J0F20
N13 X0Y10
N17 X10Y0
N19 X0Y-10
N21 X-10Y0
N23 M2
Output: NC Code - Canned Cycles

CAD to NC Code
Import DXF Geometry
File IGES Direct input
Tool Path Generation

What you want to cut
How you want to cut
Tool Type
CL Rpm’s – Feeds
Post Process Method
File
Canned cycles
Cut direction
NC Code OEM
N1 G80 G90 Custom
N3 G0 T01 M06 Language
N5 G0 X0 Y0
Advantages of CNC
Machine Tools
Ease of part duplication

Flexibility
Repeatability
Quality control through process control

Advantages of CNC
Machine Tools
Accommodates simple to complex

parts geometry
Improved part aesthetics
Increased productivity
Technology costs are decreasing

Advantages of CNC
Machine Tools
Reduced set-up time

Reduced lead times
Reduced inventory
Better machine utilization
Job advancement opportunities

Advantages of CNC
Machine Tools
CNC machine tools are more rigid

than conventional machine tools
$$$- Climb milling requires about
10 - 15 % less horsepower vs.
conventional cutting, but requires
a ridged machine tool with no
backlash
Increased Rpm’s and feeds
Example of CNC
Programming
What What Must Be Done To Drill A

Hole On A CNC Vertical Milling
Machine

Tool Home
Top
View
1.) X & Y Rapid To Hole Position

Front
View
Top
View 2.) Z Axis Rapid Move
Just Above Hole
3.) Turn On Coolant
4.) Turn On Spindle
Front .100”
View
Top
View
5.) Z Axis Feed Move to
Drill Hole
Front
View
Top
View 6.) Rapid Z Axis Move
Out Of Hole
Front
View
Top
View 7.) Turn Off Spindle
8.) Turn Off Coolant
9.) X&Y Axis Rapid

Move Home
Front
View
Here’s The CNC Program! Tool At Home
Top O0001
View N005 G54 G90 S600 M03
N010 G00 X1.0 Y1.0
N015 G43 H01 Z.1 M08
N020 G01 Z-.75 F3.5
N025 G00 Z.1 M09
Front N030 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
View N035 M30

Tool At Home
Top O0001
O0001
View Number Assigned to this program
Front
View
Tool At Home
Top O0001
View N005 G54 G90 S600 M03
N005 Sequence Number
G54 Fixture Offset
G90 Absolute Programming Mode
S600 Spindle Speed set to 600 RPM
M03 Spindle on in a Clockwise Direction
Front
View
Top O0001
View N005 G54 G90 S600 M03
N010 G00 X1.0 Y1.0
G00 Rapid Motion
X1.0 X Coordinate 1.0 in. from Zero
Y1.0 Y Coordinate 1.0 in. from Zero
Front
View
Top O0001
View N005 G54 G90 S600 M03
N010 G00 X1.0 Y1.0
N015 G43 H01 Z.1 M08
G43 Tool Length Compensation
H01 Specifies Tool length compensation
Z.1 Z Coordinate .1 in. from Zero
Front M08 Flood Coolant On
View
Top O0001
View N005 G54 G90 S600 M03
N010 G00 X1.0 Y1.0
N015 G43 H01 Z.1 M08
N020 G01 Z-.75 F3.5
G01 Straight Line Cutting Motion
Z-.75 Z Coordinate -.75 in. from Zero
Front F3.5 Feed Rate set to 3.5 in./min.
View
Top O0001
View N005 G54 G90 S600 M03
N010 G00 X1.0 Y1.0
N015 G43 H01 Z.1 M08
N020 G01 Z-.75 F3.5
N025 G00 Z.1 M09
Front G00 Rapid Motion
Z.1 Z Coordinate .1 in. from Zero
View M09 Coolant Off

O0001
N005 G54 G90 S600 M03
Top
View N010 G00 X1.0 Y1.0
N015 G43 H01 Z.1 M08
N020 G01 Z-.75 F3.5
N025 G00 Z.1 M09
N030 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
G91 Incremental Programming Mode
Front G28 Zero Return Command
View X0, Y0, Z0

X,Y,& Z Coordinates at Zero

Top O0001
View N005 G54 G90 S600 M03
N010 G00 X1.0 Y1.0
N015 G43 H01 Z.1 M08
N020 G01 Z-.75 F3.5
N025 G00 Z.1 M09
Front N030 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0
View N035 M30
M30 End of Program

APT Programming Example
Cylindrical Part
F 25
Raw Material
70
F 22.5
F 17.5
Finished Part
20
30
APT Programming Example
Cylindrical Part
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0303
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X22.50 Z2.0 S500
N0080 G01 Z-30.0 F100
N0090 G00 X23.0 Z2.0 S500
N0100 G84 X17.5 Z-20.0 D0=200
D2=200 D3=650
N0110 G00 Z2.0
N0120 X50.0 Z50.0
N0130 M30
Please sign up to the lab demo and watch this program running
APT Program Interpretation
O0013
Program identification number
O0013
N0005 G53
To cancel any previous working zero point
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0303
N0010 Sequence number

T0303 Select tool number 303
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.0 Z0.0 S500 M04
G57 To set the working zero point as saved

G00 Rapid movement (no cutting)
X26.0 X location (as a diameter; 13 form zero)
Z0.0 Z location
S500 Spindle speed is 500 rpm
x M04 Rotate spindle counterclockwise
+ve
(0,0) +ve z
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
G01 Linear interpolation (cutting)

X-0.20 Move only in x direction until you pass
the center by 0.1 mm (facing)
F100 Set feed rate to 100 mm/min.
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
G00 Move rapidly away from workpiece (no cutting)

Z2.0 the movement is 2 mm away from the face.
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
Go to a safe location away from the

workpiece [x = 50 (25 from zero), z = 50] to
change the tool.
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
T0404 Select tool number 404

O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X22.50 Z2.0 S500
G57 PS0
G00 Rapid movement (no cutting)
X22.50 X location (as a diameter; 11.25 form zero)
Z2.0 Z location
S500 Spindle speed is 500 rpm
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 Z-30.0 F100
G01 Linear interpolation (cutting)

Z-30 Move only in z direction (external turning)
F100 Set feed rate to 100 mm/min.
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 X22.5 Z-70.0 F100
N0090 G00 X23.0 Z2.0 S500
G00 Move rapidly away from workpiece (no cutting) to

location x= 23.0 (11.50 from zero) and z = 2.0.
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 X22.5 Z-70.0 F100
N0090 G00 X26.0 Z2.0 S500
N0100 G84 X17.5 Z-20.0 D0=200 D2=200
D3=650
G84 Turning cycle for machining the step
X17.5 final diameter
Z-20 length of step is 20 mm
D0=200 Finish allowance in X direction (0.2 mm) D2=200 Finish
allowance in Z direction (0.2 mm)
D3=650 Depth of cut in each pass (0.65 mm)
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 X22.5 Z-70.0 F100
N0090 G00 X26.0 Z2.0 S500
N0100 G84 X17.5 Z-20.0 D0=200 D2=200 D3=650
N0110 G00 Z2.0
G00 Move rapidly away from workpiece (no cutting)

Z2.0 the movement is 2 mm away from the face.
O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 X22.5 Z-70.0 F100
N0090 G00 X26.0 Z2.0 S500
N0100 G84 X17.5 Z-20.0 D0=200 D2=200 D3=650
N0110 G00 Z2.0
N0120 X50.0 Z50.0
X50.0 Z50.0 Move to the tool changing location

O0013
N0005 G53
N0010 T0404
N0020 G57 G00 X26.00 Z0.0 S500 M04
N0030 G01 X-0.20 F100
N0040 G00 Z2.0
N0050 X50.0 Z50.0
N0060 T0404
N0070 G57 G00 X25.00 Z2.0 S500 M04
N0080 G01 X22.5 Z-70.0 F100
N0090 G00 X26.0 Z2.0 S500
N0100 G84 X17.5 Z-20.0 D0=200
D2=200 D3=650
N0110 G00 Z2.0
N0120 X50.0 Z50.0 T00
N0130 M30
M30 Program End

Programming Example
Raw Material Finished Part

y
Programming Example
G55 X200 Y80

Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
x N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N009 G01 X0 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N010 G81 R3 E9 N7 Z-0.5
N011 M05
N012 M02
y
Programming Example
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
x
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150 ZFeed
150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N012 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N013 M05
N014 M02
Program Interpretation
G55 X200 Y80
Setting the datum to the lower left corner of the work piece
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
Program Identification Number

G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1

M06 Tool Change (End Mill with
Diameter=12mm
T1 Tool Number
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
Start rotating the spindle clockwise with 400

rpm
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
Go to Safe Position with feed 150mm/min

G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
Lower the end mill to determine the depth of

cut
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed
150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5
ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5
XYFeed 75
Move from the lower left corner

of the work piece to the right
lower one cutting with
feed=75mm/min
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed
150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5
XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5
XYFeed 75
Move from the lower left corner

of the work piece to the right
lower one cutting with
feed=75mm/min
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed
150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5
XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5
XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5
XYFeed 75
Cutting the horizontally up to

X=30
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
Cutting to X=0 & Y=40

G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N009 G01 X0 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
Complete the countering

G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N009 G01 X0 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N010 G81 R3 E9 N7 Z-0.5
Repeat 7 times blocks from N003 to N009

with incremental offset of Z=-0.5
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N009 G01 X0 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N010 G81 R3 E9 N7 Z-0.5
N011 M05
Spindle Off
G55 X200 Y80
Program 1
N001 M06 T1
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X-8 Y0 Z-0.5 ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X70 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N006 G01 X70 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N007 G01 X30 Y60 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N008 G01 X0 Y40 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N009 G01 X0 Y0 Z-0.5 XYFeed 75
N010 G81 R3 E9 N7 Z-0.5
N011 M05
N012 M02
End Program
Tool Change
Changing the tool

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Setting the datum to the lower left corner of the work piece
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
Program Identification Number

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2

M06 Tool Change (Drill with
Diameter=6mm
T2 Tool Number
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
Start rotating the spindle clockwise with 400

rpm
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
Go to Safe Position with feed 150mm/min

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150
ZFeed 150
Stop above the center of the first hole

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150
ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
Start Drill the first hole

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150
ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
Retract to a position above the hole

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150
ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
Stop above the center of the second hole

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150
ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
Drill the second hole

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150
ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
Retract to a position above the second hole

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150
ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
Stop above the center of the third hole

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150
ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75
Drill the third hole

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150
ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N012 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
Retract to a position above the third hole

Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150
ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N012 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N013 M05
Spindle off
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150
ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N012 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N013 M05
N014 M02
End Program
Tool Change
G55 X200 Y80
Program 2
N001 M06 T2
N002 M03 rpm 400
N003 G01 X-8 Y0 Z0 XYFeed 150
N004 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 XYFeed 150
ZFeed 150
N005 G01 X20 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N006 G01 X20 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N007 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N008 G01 X50 Y15 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N009 G01 X50 Y15 Z10 ZFeed 150
N010 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N011 G01 X50 Y45 Z-10 ZFeed 75
N012 G01 X50 Y45 Z10 ZFeed 150
N013 M05
N014 M02
End Program

CNC & Machining Centers: Modul 12 MK. CAD/CAM

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CNC & Machining Centers: Modul 12 MK. CAD/CAM

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CNC & Machining

Modul 12 MK. CAD/CAM

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Numerical Control (NC) - A control system

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

A machining center can be defined as a

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Machine motion is programmable

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Example - A turning center

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Automatically Programmed Tools (APT)

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Developed as a joint effort between

Still used today and accounts for

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Requires excellent 3D visualization

Capable of generating machine

5 axis machine tools

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

 Computer Aided Machining (CAM) Systems

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Tool & material libraries

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Import / export capabilities to other

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Start with graphic representation of part

Define cutter path by selecting geometry

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

 Define cut parameters

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Execute cutter simulation

(At this point the system has a “generic” cutter

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Numerical Control (NC) Language

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

G-Codes (G00, G01, G02, G81)

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Tool Path Generation

Ease of part duplication

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Accommodates simple to complex

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

Reduced set-up time

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

CNC machine tools are more rigid

What What Must Be Done To Drill A

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

1.) X & Y Rapid To Hole Position

4.) Turn On Spindle

8.) Turn Off Coolant

9.) X&Y Axis Rapid

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

M03 Spindle on in a Clockwise Direction

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti

View X0, Y0, Z0

Ir. Sally Cahyati MT T. Mesin - Univ. Trisakti