Minggu 8

Siklus Pengeluaran :
Pembelian dan Pengeluaran Kas
Purchase Requisition Purchasing
1 2

PROCUREMENT CYCLE
(SUBSYSTEM)
Receiving/
Cash Disbursements Inspection
3
5

Accounts Payable
4
 Documents Pertaining to the Expenditure
Cycle
 Purchase Requisition
 Purchase Order
 Receiving Report
 Supplier’s (Vendor’s) Invoice
 Disbursement Voucher
 Disbursement Check
 Debit Memorandum
 New Supplier Form
 Request for Proposal

Figure 13-2
 Operational Listings & Reports
 Voucher Register
 Check Register
 Open Purchase Order Report
 Open Invoices Report
 Inventory Status Report
 Overdue Deliveries Report
 Scheduled Managerial Reports

 A Payables Aging Report

 Purchase Analyses
 Vendor Performance Report
 Cash-flow Statement
 Critical Factors Report
Manual Purchases Flowchart
DFD of Purchases System
DFD of Cash Disbursements System
Cash Disbursements System
 Tujuan pengendalian, ancaman dan prosedur
SIAM pembelian dan pengeluaran kas yang didesain
dengan baik akan memastikan :
Semua transaksi telah diotorisasi dengan benar
Semua transaksi yang dicatat adalah valid
Aset telah dijaga dari kemungkinan dicuri dan resiko
kehilangan
Aktifitas bisnis telah dilakukan secara efektif dan
efisien
Risk Exposures Within the Expenditure
Cycle – (1): order
Risk Exposure(s)

1) Orders placed for 1) Excessive inventory and

unneeded goods or more storage costs
goods than needed
2) Receipt of uncoded 2) Excessive inventory and
goods storage costs
3) No receipt of ordered 3) Losses due to stockouts
goods
4) Fraudulent placement 4) Possibility of inferior or
of orders by buyers with overpriced goods or
suppliers to whom they services
have personal or financial
attachments

Figure 13-20
 Risk Exposures Within the Expenditure
Cycle – II (purchase)
Risk Exposure(s)
5) Creation of fictitious invoices 5) Overstatement of inventory;
and other purchasing losses of cash disbursed
documents
6) Lack of vigilance in writing 6) Overstatement of inventory
down inventory that is aged or
damaged
7) Omission of liabilities, such 7) Understatement of liabilities
as material contingencies
8) Overcharges (with respect 8) Excessive purchasing costs
either to unit prices or to
quantities) by suppliers for
goods delivered

Figure 13-20 Continued

 Risk Exposures Within the Expenditure
Cycle – III (recording)
Risk Exposure(s)
9) Damage to goods 9) Possibility of inferior
enroute to the acquiring goods for use or sale
firm
10) Errors by suppliers 10) Possibility of
in computing amounts overpayment for goods
or invoices received
11) Erroneous or 11) Incorrect balances in
omitted postings of accounts payable and
purchases or purchase general ledger account
returns to supplier’s records
accounts payable
records
12) Errors in charging 12) Incorrect levels
transaction amounts to (either high or low) for
purchases and expense purchases and expense
accounts accounts

Figure 13-20 Continued

 Risk Exposures Within the Expenditure
Cycle – IV (payment)
Risk Exposure(s)
13) Lost purchase 13) Excessive purchasing
discounts due to late costs
payments
14) Duplicate payments of 14) Excessive purchasing
invoices from suppliers costs
15) Incorrect 15) Loss of cash and
disbursements of cash, excessive costs for goods
either to improper or and services
fictitious parties or for
greater amounts than
approved

Figure 13-20 Continued

 Risk Exposures Within the Expenditure
Cycle – V (payment)
Risk Exposure(s)
16) Improper 16) Excessive costs for
disbursement of cash for goods or services
goods or services not
received
17) Theft of scrap 17) Loss of cash
proceeds
18) Disbursement of 18) Loss of cash
checks payable to
employees for
unauthorized expenses
or fraudulent claims
19) Fraudulent alteration 19) Loss of cash
and cashing of checks
by employees
20) Kiting of checks by 20) Overstatement of
employees back balances; possible
losses of deposited cash

Figure 13-20 Continued

 Risk Exposures Within the Expenditure
Cycle – VI (payment)
Risk Exposure(s)
21) Accessing of supplier 21) Loss of security over
records by unauthorized such records, with possible
persons detrimental use made of
data accessed
22) Involvement of cash, 22) Loss of or damage to
merchandise inventory, and assets, including possible
accounts payable record in loss of data needed to
natural or human-made monitor payments of
disasters amounts due to suppliers
within discount periods
23) Interception of data 23) Loss of data or unreliable
transmitted via the Web data resulting in inaccurate
purchase orders
24) Unauthorized purchase 24) Excessive inventory and
requisitions and purchase storage costs
orders initiated via the Web

Figure 13-20 Continued

 Risk Exposures Within the Expenditure
Cycle – VII (data management)
Risk Exposure(s)
25) Unauthorized 25) Loss of security over
viewing and alteration of data which can be used
a company’s purchase to the detriment of the
records via the Web company
26) Breakdown of the 26) Loss of data and
Web server due to delay in processing
unexpected events purchase orders

Figure 13-20 Continued