Autism

Spectrum
Disorder
Frenstan - 01073170175
Pembimbing : dr. Engelberta Pardamean, Sp.KJ
 Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
is a phenotypically heterogeneous
group of neurodevelopmental
syndromes, with polygenic heritability,
characterized by a wide range of
impairments in social communication
and interaction and restricted and
repetitive behaviors, interest and
activity.

2
”
3 EPIDEMIOLOGY

14.7 per 1000

1 : 42

1 : 190
4 PATHOGENESIS

▹ Neural Connectivity
▹ Neural Migration
▹ Impairment Synaptogenesis and Dendrits
5 DSM
Autism
Spectrum
Infantile Autism Disorder

Pervasive
Development
Disorder
 DSM-IV-TR : Pervasive Developmental Disorder
6

• Autism Disorder
• Rett’s Disorder
• Childhood Disintergrative Disorder
• Asperger’s Disorder
• Pervasive Developmental Disorder YTT
 DSM-IV-TR : Autism Disorder
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 DSM-IV-TR : Rett’s Disorder
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 DSM-IV-TR : Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
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 DSM-IV-TR : Asperger’s Disorder
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 DSM-IV-TR : Pervasive Developmental Disorder
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This category should be used when there is a severe and pervasive
impairment in the development of reciprocal social interaction or
verbal and nonverbal communication skills, or when stereotyped
behavior, interests, and activities are present, but the criteria are not
met for a specific Pervasive Developmental Disorder,
Schizophrenia, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, or Avoidant
Personality Disorder.
 DSM-V Autism Spectrum Disorder
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 DSM-V Autism Spectrum Disorder
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 DSM-V Autism Spectrum Disorder
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 DSM-V Autism Spectrum Disorder
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 DSM-IV-TR VS DSM-V
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 DSM-IV-TR VS DSM-V
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 DSM-IV-TR VS DSM-V
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 Screening Tools
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Modified Checklist for
Autism in Toddlers,
Revised with Follow-Up
(MCAT)

16 and 30 months of age

0 to 2 – Low risk
3 to 7 – Medium risk; 8 to
20 – High risk
 Screening Tools
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Screening Tool for Autism
in Toddlers and Young
Children (STAT)

24 to 36 months

2nd Stage screening

 Screening Tools
21
Social Communication
Questionnaire (SCQ)

Preschool to toodlers

>15 : consider ASD

 Global
Delay/
MR Social
OCD Communication
Disorder

Language
Axiety based
ASD learning
Disorder
disorder

Rett Hearing
Disorder Impairment
Landau-
Kleffner
syndrome

Diagnosis Banding
 Treatment
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• Intervensi intensif awal perilaku dan perkembangan
 UCLA/Lovass-based Model
 Early Start Denver Model (ESDM)
 Parent Training Approach(PTA)
• Social Skills Approaches
 Social Skills Training (SST)
 Treatment
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• Repetitive Behaviors and Associated Symptoms
 Behavioral Therapy
 CBT
• Educational Interventions for children with ASD
 Treatment and Education of Autistic and Communication-
related Handicapped children (TEACCH)
 Computer-based approaches and virtual reality
 Treatment Farmakologis
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• Iritabilitas
Risperidon (SDRA) 0,5mg-1,5mg per hari
Aripriprazole (DRA) 5mg-15mg per hari
Olanzapine (SDRA) 5mg-10mg per hari
• Hiperaktifitas, impulsif dan gangguan perhatian
Metilfenidat (DRa) 0.25mg – 0.5mg/kg per hari
Atomoxetin (NeRU) 0,5-0,8-1,2 mg/kg per hari
 Treatment Farmakologis
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• Repetitif dan Stereotipik

Fluoxetin (SSRI) 10-20mg/d -> 20-60mg/d
• Gangguan perilaku
Quetiapin (APG2) 50-200mg/d
Clozapine (APG2)
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THANKS!
Any questions?