JOSIP JURAJ STROSSMAYER UNIVERSITY OF OSIJEK

FACULTY OF MEDICINE OSIJEK

5TH YEAR OF STUDY PROGRAMME

LUCIJA KLJAIĆ

MALE INFERTILITY
COURSE: MEDICAL ENGLISH 5

Mentor: Lorna Dubac Nemet, MA, senior lecturer

Academic year: 2018/2019
■ What is male infertility?
■ What can cause male infertility?
■ How can male infertility be diagnosed?
■ What is the treatment for male infertility?
 Image 2. Fertilization

Image 1. Ejaculation
THE MAIN CAUSES OF
MALE INFERTILITY:
■ Sperm disorders Image 3. Common sperm
– Growth, shape, sperm mobility, oligospermia, abnormalities
azoospermia
■ Medication
■ Chromosomes
■ Hormones
■ Varicoceles
■ Retrograde ejaculation
■ Immunologic infertility
■ Obstruction Image 4. Varicoceles Image 5. Retrograde
ejaculation
DIAGNOSIS

History and
Semen Transrectal
physical
analysis ultrasound
exam

Testicular Hormonal
biopsy profile
 TREATMENT
■ NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT
– Anejaculation: Rectal probe electroejaculation, penile
vibratory stimulation
– Genital tract infection: antibiotics, NSAID

Image 6. Electroejaculator
with a rectal probe
containing 3 electrodes
TREATMENT Image 9. Intrauterine insemination

■ Assisted reproductive Techniques

– Intrauterine insemination: low sperm count,
movement problems, retrograde ejaculation
– In vitro fertilization: oligospermia
– Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: block or testicular
failure

Image 10. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

TREATMENT
■ Surgical therapy
– Varicocele: varicocelectomy
– To undo a vasectomy: microsurgical
vasovasostomy
– Epydidimal blocks: vasoepydidymostomy

Image 7. Laparoscopic varicocelectomy

Image 8. Microsurgical vasovasectomy

■ Retrograde ejaculation
■ Varicocele
■ Rectal probe electroejaculation
■ Microsurgical vasovasostomy
■ Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

■ University Hospital Centre Zagreb Department of Gynaecology and

Obstetrics „Petrova„, University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology
and Metabolic Disorders Vuk Vrhovac „Merkur„, Department of
Gynecology and Obstetrics at the Faculty of Medicine of the
University of Zagreb- Laboratory for Human Reproduction, Clinical
Hospital Center Rijeka Obstetrics and Gynecology – Institute for
Human Reproduction, Clinical Hospital Center Osijek Obstetrics and
Gynecology – Institute for Human Reproduction
REFERENCES

■ https://medlineplus.gov/maleinfertility.html
■ https://www.urologyhealth.org/urologic-conditions/male-infertility/causes
■ https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/intrauterine-insemination/about/pac-
20384722?p=1
■ https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-
booklets/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/sperm-morphology-shape-does-it-affect-
fertility/
■ Image 1. https://www.britannica.com/science/ejaculation
■ Image 2. https://www.britannica.com/science/fertilization-reproduction
■ Image 3. https://www.fertility-docs.com/programs-and-services/sperm-
evaluation/sperm-and-semen-testing.php
■ Image 4. https://patients.uroweb.org/varicocele-new/
■ Image 5. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/retrograde-
ejaculation/symptoms-causes/syc-20354890
■ Image 6. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A-Electroejaculator-with-a-rectal-
probe-containing-3-electrodes-B-Technique-of_fig1_230692363
■ Image 7. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4471-5394-8_19
■ Image 8. https://www.urology.co.nz/info/vasectomy-reversal
■ Image 9. http://americanpregnancy.org/infertility/intrauterine-insemination/
■ Image 10. https://www.fertilitysmarts.com/intro-to-intracytoplasmic-sperm-injection-
icsi/2/1206