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PSEA - Prevention from Sexual

Exploitation and Abuse


Prepared by: Sworo Paul Duku
Acted-Protection Project officer
sworopaulduku1@gmail.com

5th and 6th November 2018 POC1 (UN House, Juba

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Agenda:
• Brainstorming
• Six core principles
• Reporting system for SEA
• Barriers of reporting
• CBCM
• Youth responsabilities
• Action Point

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Objectives of the Training
• To increase participants/partners knowledge on PSEA.
• To Strengthen the effective monitoring and reporting of PSEA
cases
• To build effective coordination between partners
• To understand the actions and behaviors that constitute
sexual exploitation and abuse
• Understand the Standards of Conduct on Sexual
Exploitation and Abuse
• Increase awareness on the Prevention of Sexual Exploitation
and Abuse across all the PoCs
• Know how to report allegations or concerns of Sexual
Exploitation and Abuse

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Open Discussion
1. What is your understanding about
Sexual Exploitation and Abuse?
2. Suggest examples of Sexual
Exploitation committed by
humanitarian workers?

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What is SEA?
Sexual Exploitation “…means any definite or attempted
abuse of a position of vulnerability, differential power, or
trust, for sexual purposes, including, but not limited to,
profiting financially, socially or politically from the sexual
exploitation of another.”

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What is SEA?

Sexual Abuse “…the actual or threatened physical


intrusion of a sexual nature, whether by force or
under unequal or coercive condition”

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• Sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) by aid workers directly
disputes the principles upon which humanitarian action is
based and represents a protection failure on the part of the aid
community.
• SEA inflicts harm on those whom the humanitarian community is
obligated to protect, as well as jeopardizes the credibility of all
assistance agencies.
• Humanitarian workers are expected to uphold the highest
standards of personal and professional conduct at all times to
protect beneficiaries of assistance.
• Sexual exploitation and abuse of affected populations
constitutes gross misconduct and will result in disciplinary action.

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Difference with GBV and sexual
harassment
• Gender-based violence (GBV) is violence that is perpetrated against
someone because of his/her gender. Thus, SEA can be seen as a type of
GBV, as victims of SEA are often abused because of their vulnerable
status as women, girls, boys or even men.
• SEA occurs against a beneficiary or vulnerable member of the
community in exchange of humanitarian aid. Sexual harassment occurs
when there exists any type of power abuse between staff members.

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Sexual exploitation committed by aid workers or other relevant
stakeholders, has been associated with the provision of
humanitarian assistance.

In particular, women, girls and boys have been exploited by aid


workers and by other relevant stakeholders who could provide
assistance like: food, shelter, education or medical care.
Same vulnerable groups could also been abused by people in
positions of authority, such as guards.

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Examples of SEA
• Humanitarian worker requiring sex in exchange for material assistance,
favours or privileges.
• Teacher requiring sex in exchange for passing grade.
• Driver requiring sex to give a girl a ride to the next village.
• One person in power getting sex from a vulnerable person in exchange
for something he/she is in need.

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Effects of SEA
Sexual exploitation and abuse can cause:
• Physical, emotional, psychological and social harm to victims.
• Life-long disadvantages and discrimination
• Damage the image, credibility of UN, NGOs and other agencies
which undermines the ability to implement its mandates

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1st Scenario
My friend and I were walking by the PoC1 gate
one evening when we encountered a couple of
humanitarian men. The men called us over and
asked us for sexual affairs and promised to marry
us.
As a youth member, can you report this?

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2nd Scenario
A UN Staff/police has been giving gifts to Rebecca
who is 17years old. The staff has reached Rebecca
home and promised her parents to Marry Rebecca.

Can this be reported as PSEA case?

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3rd Scenario
Morris a teacher employed by NRC in one of the
PoC schools, he has been supporting Jane 14
years old to access food during distribution. One
day Teacher Morris asked to have sex with Jane.

Is this a PSEA case

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Gai a Nurse employed by IMC has refused to treat
Nyajima because she refused to have sex with him.

Is this a PSEA case?

Koang a manager employed Nyachot have had sex


with him.
Can this be reported?

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What are the forms of SEA committed
against the vulnerable members of
the community?

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IASC’s Six core principles
1. Sexual exploitation and sexual abuse constitute acts
of serious misconduct and are therefore ground for
disciplinary measures including summary dismissal.
2. Sexual activity with children (persons under age of
18) is prohibited regardless of the age of majority or
age of consent locally. Mistake belief the age of a
child is not a defence.

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3. Exchange of money, employment, goods or services for
sex, including sexual favours or other forms of humiliating,
degrading or exploitative behaviour, is prohibited. This
includes any exchange of assistance that is dude to
beneficiaries of assistance.
4. Sexual relationships between United Nations staff and
beneficiaries of assistance, since they are based on
inherently unequal power dynamics are strongly
discouraged.

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5. Where a United Nations staff member develops concerns
or suspicions regarding sexual exploitation or sexual abuse by
a fellow worker, whether in the same agency or not and
whether or not within the United Nations system, he or she
must report such concerns via established reporting
mechanisms.
6. United Nations staff are obliged to create and maintain an
environment that prevents sexual exploitation and sexual
abuse. Managers at all levels have a particular responsibility
to support and develop systems that maintain this
environment .

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Actions that can be taken to
prevent sexual exploitation and
abuse

1. Be a role model and lead by example, for example make sure that
you take swift and decisive action.

2. Training to be completed.

3. Raise awareness.

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4. Assess and map out potential risks areas and discuss protective actions to
combat against SEA.

5. Have Focal Points design feedback mechanisms with communities and


partners and coordinate with partners for receiving complaints (action plans
for who will do what, where, and how).

6. Integrate SEA risks into protection analysis, programming, and assistance.

7. Integrate SEA prevention and protection activities into country operation


plans and allocate a budget towards those activities.

8. Make sure that the code of conduct is written into partner agreements and
that partner staff sign.

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Four Pillars
1. Management and Coordination: coordinating with partners,
commitment of senior managers to PSEA;
2. Engagement with and support of community populations to include
awareness-raising and complaints mechanisms;
3. Prevention : effective prevention mechanisms, including effective
recruitment and performance management;
4. Response: internal complaints and investigation procedure.

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Discussion
• What is your understanding of community based
complaints mechanism?

• Suggest the guiding principles of CBCM

• How to strengthen the CBCM?

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Community-Base
Complaints Mechanism
(CBCB)

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What CBCM is?

• A CBCM is a system blending both formal and informal community


structures, where individuals are able and encouraged to safely report
incidents of SEA.

• Local communities are involved in developing and approving the CBCM


so that the structure is both culturally and gender-sensitive.

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• The mechanism should have multiple entry points, allowing both beneficiaries and
staff the opportunity to report at the organizational level – internally through the
network’s or field agency focal points – or at the community level.

• The primary concern of the mechanism is to aid known and potential SEA survivors,
and also fulfil a prevention function through awareness-raising efforts.

• A PSEA CBCM should not be a separate, parallel system to other complaints and
feedback structures in a given area, but rather link to and build on existing structures
to create one system for handling feedback and complaints.

• The goal of a CBCM is to allow affected communities and/or individuals to report


concerns in a safe, effective, and culturally-appropriate manner.

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Guiding Principles of CBCM
• Ensure equal and active participation by beneficiaries in assessing,
planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating programmes
through the systematic use of participatory methods.

• Recognizing that sexual exploitation and abuse is often grounded in


gender inequality, participating agencies will ensure that humanitarian
activities are conducted in a gender sensitive manner and that the
views and perspectives of women, men, girls and boys are adequately
considered.

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• Ensure that all responses are developed in a manner that balances
respect for due process with a survivor-centered approach in which
the survivor’s wishes, safety, and well-being remain a priority in all
matters and procedures.

• Integrate and mainstream PSEA into all programmes and all sectors,
as possible.

• Ensure accountability at all levels.

• Ensure that that assistance for victims is provided in a non-


discriminating manner.

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• Promote cooperation and assistance between organizations in
preventing and responding to SEA.

• This includes sharing situation analysis and assessment information as


necessary to avoid duplication and maximize a shared
understanding of the situation.

• Safety & Well-Being: The safety of the survivor shall be ensured at all
times including during reporting, investigation by the concerned
agency, and victim assistance provision.

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• Confidentiality: Respect the confidentiality of complainants, survivors, and
other relevant parties at all times.

• Transparency: The functioning of the CBCM shall remain transparent to


the community in which it sits.

• Accessibility: The mechanism must be accessible to all potential


complainants and sufficient information must be given on how to access
the CBCM, making the complaints process accessible to the largest
possible number of people.

• Partnership: The best interests of an SEA survivor are served when


protection agencies and service providers work together to provide
holistic care.

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Function of CBCM
• To review the complaints received through the CBCM for referral to the
concerned agency and victim assistance.

Independent review and referral of complaints is one of the most important


functions of the CBCM:

As the bridge between the community and the agency responsible for follow-
up (i.e. employing an alleged SEA perpetrator), the CBCM must assess the
nature of each complaint and refer each complaint under objective standards
to remain accountable to both parties.

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• Having complaints reviewed by an independent individual reinforces the all-
important perception of neutrality and objectivity of the complaint mechanism.

• Enables complaints to be evaluated by a single set of standards as opposed to


agencies applying discrete criteria to the receipt of a complaint.

• Limiting review to one person reduces the risk of leaking sensitive information
and encourages timely complaint processing.

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Reporting channel
• CBCM must establish multiple reporting channels in order to provide a wide range of
options for the affected population to submit complaints.

• Direct in-person reporting should be one entry point, such as to an agency’s CBCM
Focal Point, staff at a GBV/Women’s Centre or medical facility, or to community
members/leaders trained on PSEA.

• Beneficiaries must be able to report SEA verbally or in writing, including submitting


anonymous complaints,21 such as through a suggestion box.

• The CBCM should explore the potential use of information technology (when
available) i.e. through SMS, phone hotlines, or email.

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A CBCM will need to identify early-on the barriers to complaining and to
find ways to overcome them.

Such barriers can be:

1. Physical: People are prevented access to a humanitarian agency’s


office, or are unable access it due to disability or hardship.
2. Cultural: Complaining might not be acceptable in certain cultures.
3. Personal safety: People may fear retribution or stigmatization as a
result of complaining.
4. Marginalization: Some groups, such as youth or the illiterate, might be
excluded from the mechanism if it is not designed taking their needs
into account.

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Discussion

What are the limitations to effective


reporting of SEA cases?

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Barriers to effective reporting of SEA
• Fear that aid/source of income will be taken away.

• Fear of losing life, job, status, prospects.

• Cultural issues and norms – SEA seen as acceptable practice.

• Not culturally appropriate to challenge those in authority.

• Reporting may render one “unmarriageable”.

• Few channels for reporting.

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• Concern that boxes are not secure.

• Lack of trust that the allegation will be taken seriously.

• Fear of reprisal and no protection.

• Respect for/fear of senior officer/expat.

• Little confidence in reporting mechanisms because beneficiaries perceive no


action will be taken.

• Lack of trust that the allegation will be taken seriously.

• Fear of reprisal and no protection.

• Respect for/fear of senior officer/expat.

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Barriers for children
• They will not be believed.

• They will be killed or hurt if they tell.

• They will be taken away from their families.

• They will not be able to explain/articulate.

• Their families will be hurt.

• Abuse is normal and it happens to everyone.

• The abuser will be sent to prison, fired, or killed.

• They are bad and it is their fault


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Next step:
- Training on video and
audio editing Video and audio training will
- Realization of 2 target only a total of 20
documentaries on SEA youth (10 for PoC1 and 10
- Translation of relevant per PoC3)!
materials Only really interested person
- Door to door will be accept in the training
awareness campaign and in the following steps
- 2 events in PoCs

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Thank you for
your
participation!!!

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