WHAT IS MATTER?

Matter is everything around us that has mass and

occupies space.
Living things and non-living things are matter.

Non-living Things Living Things

Air, water, wood and Insect, birds and
soil human beings.

Not matter : Heat, Light and Sound

 THE STATES OF MATTER
Matter is made up of very small and discrete particles which
we call atoms, ions and molecules.
Matter exists in three states. They are either solids, liquids
or gases.

Showing that matter is made up of particles.

Potassium
manganate
(Vll)
Potassium
Water manganate
(Vll) solution
The arrangement of particles in matter
Solids Liquids Gases

•The particles are •The particles are •The particles are

arranged closely arranged closely further apart and
and there are very but there is more there is a lot of
little space between space between the space between the
the particles. particles. particles.

•Has a fixed volume, •Has a definite •Has no definite

a fixed shape and volume, but not volume and shape.
cannot compressed. definite shape and Can be compressed
difficult to with ease.
compress.
 The movement of particles in matter

Solids Liquids Gases

•The particles •The particles are •The particle are

are held closely further apart and widely space and
together by very vibrate but not in move randomly in all
directions at high
strong forces. fixed positions.
speed.
•They can only •They move •Collisions between
vibrate from randomly and the gas particles take
side to side and collision between place more
spin around these particles frequently than
their. take place collision particles of
frequently. liquids.
 Kinetic Theory Of Matter
The Kinetic Theory of Matter explains the
forces between molecules and the movement
of particles in matter.
The movement of particles in different matter
is not same, depends on the temperature and
attraction force between the particles.
If the temperature is increased the kinetic
energy of particles also increase.
Diffusion is one of the proof of the particle
theory of matter.
 What is Diffusion?
• Diffusion is a process of spreading of a substance
from a high concentration region to a low
concentration region.
• It occurs when the particles of the substance move
through the space between the particles of another
substance.
• Diffusion occurs in solid, liquid and gas.
• The rate of diffusion is highest in gas and lowest in
solid.
 Brownian Motion
• Brownian motion is the physical phenomenon that
tiny particles immersed in a fluid move about
randomly.
• A fluid can be a liquid or a gas.
• Brownian movement, an example of diffusion,
supports the kinetic theory of matter.
• Examples of Brownian movement are
– movement of smoke particles in air
– movement of pollen grains in water
 Questions.
1. Classify the following as solids, liquids or gases at room
temperature
a. Ice e. Lead
b. Methane f. Steam
c. Hydrogen g. Alcohol
d. Mercury

2. When 50 ml of alcohol is mixed with 50 ml of water in a

measuring cylinder, the volume of the mixture is less than
100 ml. what can you infer from this?
A. The alcohol particles combine with the water particles
B. The alcohol particles evaporate rapidly in water
C. The alcohol particles fill the spaces between the water particles
D. The alcohol particles move closer in water