 Introduction

 1.Choice of Capital and Establishment of Govt.

 2.Unfair Boundary Distribution
 3.The massacre of Muslim refugees in India
 4.Division of Military and Financial Assets
 5.Canal water dispute
 6.Kashmir dispute
 7.Constitutional problem
 8.Electricity problem
 9.Death of Mohammad Ali Jinnah
 Representatives of Punjab Boundary
Commission
 Pakistan
 Justice Din Muhammad
 Justice Muhammad Munir
 India
 Justice Maher Chand Muhajan
 Justice Tej Singh
 Representatives of Bengal Boundary
commission
 Pakistan
 Justice Abu Saleh
 Muhammad Ikram
 Justice S.A Rehman
 India
 Justice C.C Biswas
 Justice B.K Mukarjee
 Sir Cyril Radcliff was
appointed as the
chairman of both the
boundary
commissions.
 Analysis of the Boundary Award

The award was partial, unjust and unfair to

Pakistan
Muslim majority areas handed over to india
Award also paved way for disputes b/w india
and Pakistan
• On August 8, Mountbatten’s private secretary
sent a letter to Evan Jenkins, the Governor of
Punjab
• Draft showed the ferozepur area and its
headworks going to Pakistan
• When the final draft was released, ferozepur
was assigned to India
 At the time of partition, in subcontinent 462
princely states; covered 1/3 of indian
territory and ¼ of its population.
 Rules were given option to join India,
Pakistan or remain independent.
 By 15 August, most of these states
announced their accession except Kashmir,
Hyderabad and Junagadh.
 At the time of partition, 77.1% Muslim
population and covered 84,471 sq miles
Ruled by hindu ruler Hari singh
 Shared 1/3 of its boundary with Pakistan,
situated on the North
• Muslim majority wanted to join Pakistan,
Maharaja wanted to maintain independent
status of the state.
• Maharaja then request indian government
for assistance
• Maharaja announced accession with India
on Oct 26, 1947.

•
• An undeclared war b/w India and Pakistan on issue
of Kashmir started.
• India filled a complaint in UNO
• Meanwhile Kashmiri freedom fighters with the help
of volunteers from tribal areas of pakistan were
able to liberete 1/3 of Kashmir from India.
 In 1946, massacre of Muslims of Bihar was the first
organized attempt of extermination of Muslims
India office library
Constitution problem

Linguistic riots

Administrative problems
Pakhtunistan movement

Death of quaid e azam