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METHODS OF

PHILOSOPHIZING
LESSON 2
OBJECTIVES
2.1. Distinguish opinion from truth PPT11/12-Ic-2.1
2.2. Analyze situations that show the difference
between opinion and truth PPT11/12-Id-2.2
2.3. Realize that the methods of philosophy lead
to wisdom and truth PPT11/12-Id-2.3
2.4. Evaluate opinions PPT11/12-Ie-2.4
ACTIVITY Which of the following statements are TRUE?

1. The sun is the center of the solar system.


2. Asia is the largest continent in the world.
3. God made the world in seven days
4. Man has the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
5. China’s continued presence in the Spratlys is a violation of international law.
6. A person must always consider the interest of his or her family before his or
her own happiness.
7. Citizens have the right to take up arms and overthrow an oppressive
government.
8. The President has done very little to uphold democracy and look after the
interests of the Filipino people.
Truth lies Knowledge
at the must be
heart of fruitful to
any gain validity
inquiry. and
acceptance.
Philosophers PROPOSITIONS
consider are statements
truth as a about the world or
kind of reality and may or
quality or
value. may not carry truth.
KNOWLEDGE
-Is the clear awareness and understanding of
something
… the product of … our knowledge is
questioning that seeks comprised of ideas and
for clear answers beliefs that we know to
provided by facts.. be true…
Let’s talk about your knowledge of:

I know that ….
I know why ….
I know how ….
Let’s talk about your knowledge of:

I know that ….
I know why ….
I know how ….
Let’s talk about your knowledge of:

I know that ….
I know why ….
I know how ….
There are
statements
that are not These are called CLAIMS.
evidently or
immediately Further examination is
known to be required to establish its
true. truthfulness.
TRUTHFUL STATEMENTS
Statements that are based on facts.

Science considers
truth as something
observable and
empirical. While, Philosophy
has various views.
Claims, evidence and experience
is scrutinized and analyzed Has a very
important
purpose.

Doubt helps Nothing is taken as TRUE unless


determine the there is sufficient reason and
truth evidence to prove it.
Can be
justified or
proven

How do we know if
something is true?
Getting a Based on
consensus of facts
many people
Determining truth in this case
requires a person to prove a
statement through an action.

This can be true if they can be


applied in real life.
Claims and beliefs
should also be
subjected to tests to
determine truth and
to prove their validity.
Discovering truths
about oneself is
merely the FIRST
step toward
exploring
knowledge and
truth.
FACT or OPINION???
1. It takes me 30 minutes to walk from my home to school.
2. Living near the school is better because we don’t have to spend much
for transportation.
3. My sister ate the last piece of pizza pie.
4. My sister is a selfish person because she ate the last piece of pizza pie
and did not share it with me.
5. The policeman firmly pushed the suspect to is knees and placed him in
handcuffs.
6. The aggressive manner by which the policeman arrested the suspect is
an example of the brutality that characterizes our police force.
OPINION
- Statements that provide conclusions or perspectives
regarding certain situations

CONCLUSION
- A judgement based on certain facts but can still be
contested or questioned.

BELIEFS
- Statements that express convictions that are not easily and
clearly explained by facts.
EXPLANATION
- Statements that assume the claim to be true and provide
reasons why.
ARGUMENT
- Series of statements that provide reasons to convince the
reader/listener that a claim or opinion is truthful.
LOGIC
A branch of Philosophy that focuses on the analysis of
arguments
When looking at an opinion,
be aware of BIAS.

Biases are not necessarily


errors in reasoning, but refer
to tendencies or influences
which affect the views of
people.
HOW CAN UNDERSTANDING of the DIFFERENCE
between TRUTH and OPINION LEAD US TO
WISDOM?

• Improve understanding and appreciation of varied views and


ideas.

• Help to form one’s own personal point of view

• Help determine ideas that are truthful and acceptable

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